{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:32:41Z","timestamp":1760146361052,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Amphotericin B is indicated in deep systemic fungal infections. The aim was to determine the sociodemographic, clinical and pharmacological variables of a group of Colombian patients treated with amphotericin B and factors associated with mo rtality. Methods: A longitudinal observational retrospective study on the use of amphotericin B in Colombia was conducted between January 2015 and December 2022. The multivariate analysis sought to identify variables related to mortality. Results: A total of 310 patients were identified, with a median age of 44.0 years, and 71.0% were women. Conventional amphotericin B was the most used (74.8%). The main uses were cryptococcosis (38.7%), histoplasmosis (31.9%) and candidiasis (29.4%). More than a third of patients died during hospitalization (40.3%). An increase in the Charlson Comorbidity Index score (HR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.05\u20131.22) and in the qSOFA score (HR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.04\u20131.73), coinfection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (HR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.32\u20133.31) and the requirement of vasopressors (HR: 4.20; 95% CI: 2.16\u20138.15) or invasive mechanical ventilation (HR: 2.73; 95% CI: 1.40\u20135.33) increased the probability of in-hospital death. In contrast, those who received systemic corticosteroids (HR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.26\u20130.70) had a lower risk. Conventional amphotericin B is the most used drug mainly treating Cryptococcus neoformans infections. Conclusions: The use of amphotericin B was consistent with clinical practice guideline recommendations. In-hospital mortality was common, and factors such as increased comorbidities, higher qSOFA scores, coinfection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and invasive procedures like mechanical ventilation were linked to increased mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13111015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T04:51:33Z","timestamp":1730177493000},"page":"1015","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Patterns of Amphotericin B Use and Factors Related to Mortality in a Low-Middle Income Country: An Observational and Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4245-0101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Fernando","family":"Valladales-Restrepo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Farmacoepidemiolog\u00eda y Farmacovigilancia, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Pereira-Audifarma S.A., Pereira 660003, Colombia"},{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Fundaci\u00f3n Universitaria Aut\u00f3noma de las Am\u00e9ricas, Pereira 660001, Colombia"},{"name":"Semillero de Investigaci\u00f3n en Farmacolog\u00eda Geri\u00e1trica, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Fundaci\u00f3n Universitaria Aut\u00f3noma de las Am\u00e9ricas, Pereira 660001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lian Manuela","family":"Soto-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Semillero de Investigaci\u00f3n en Farmacolog\u00eda Geri\u00e1trica, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Fundaci\u00f3n Universitaria Aut\u00f3noma de las Am\u00e9ricas, Pereira 660001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5618-450X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Fernando","family":"Navarrete-Santa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Semillero de Investigaci\u00f3n en Farmacolog\u00eda Geri\u00e1trica, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Fundaci\u00f3n Universitaria Aut\u00f3noma de las Am\u00e9ricas, Pereira 660001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Montoya-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Semillero de Investigaci\u00f3n en Farmacolog\u00eda Geri\u00e1trica, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Fundaci\u00f3n Universitaria Aut\u00f3noma de las Am\u00e9ricas, Pereira 660001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaime Andr\u00e9s","family":"R\u00edos-Montoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Semillero de Investigaci\u00f3n en Farmacolog\u00eda Geri\u00e1trica, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Fundaci\u00f3n Universitaria Aut\u00f3noma de las Am\u00e9ricas, Pereira 660001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Sabogal-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Operador Cl\u00ednico, \u00c1rea de Salud, Cali 760045, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8455-0936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge Enrique","family":"Machado-Alba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Farmacoepidemiolog\u00eda y Farmacovigilancia, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Pereira-Audifarma S.A., Pereira 660003, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e428","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00692-8","article-title":"Global incidence and mortality of severe fungal disease","volume":"24","author":"Denning","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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