{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T03:22:09Z","timestamp":1787368929705,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":163,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN)","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-\u00e1rido (UFERSA)","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Office to Coordinate Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The search for substances that can overcome microorganisms\u2019 resistance and enhance the antimicrobial activity of given products has attracted the attention of researchers. Eucalyptus wood vinegar (WV) is a promising product for developing alternative antimicrobials. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate whether the production of WV in the co-pyrolysis of eucalyptus wood with aromatic herbs would incorporate compounds from them into WV and if that would enhance its antimicrobial action. Methodology: WV was produced alone and through co-pyrolysis with marjoram (Origanum majorana), Peruvian oregano (Origanum vulgare), rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), and Turkish oregano (Origanum onites) at a proportion of 25% of herbs to the bone-dry wood weight. The antimicrobial effects were assessed against strains of gram-negative and -positive bacteria, and Candida glabrata. Microorganisms\u2019 colony growth in agar had their absorbances recorded after inoculation and incubation. Chemical characterization of the new products was performed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC\/MS). Results: After coproduction, there were relevant chemical changes concerning the original WV. Thymol, for instance, was incorporated into the WV through co-pyrolysis with marjoram, Peruvian and Turkish oregano, and thyme. The coproducts were more efficient than the WV produced only with wood, with thyme-incorporated products having the highest efficiency. This can be attributed to the increase and incorporation of the substances after coproduction, and particularly the role of thymol in enhancing the antimicrobial action. Conclusion: Given the results, the co-production of WV with eucalyptus wood and aromatic herbs has the potential to provide alternative antimicrobial products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13111056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T11:13:37Z","timestamp":1730891617000},"page":"1056","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Antimicrobial Impact of Wood Vinegar Produced Through Co-Pyrolysis of Eucalyptus Wood and Aromatic Herbs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Gil Sander Pr\u00f3spero","family":"Gama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Forest Sciences\u2014PPGCFL, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rodovia RN 160, km 03 s\/n, Distrito de Jundia\u00ed, Maca\u00edba 59280-000, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2134-2080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre Santos","family":"Pimenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Forest Sciences\u2014PPGCFL, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rodovia RN 160, km 03 s\/n, Distrito de Jundia\u00ed, Maca\u00edba 59280-000, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7941-8949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Marlon Carneiro","family":"Feij\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Environment, Technology, and Society\u2014PPGATS, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi\u00e1rido\u2014UFERSA, Av. Francisco Mota, 572\u2014Bairro Costa e Silva, Mossor\u00f3 59625-900, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6577-374X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caio Augusto Martins","family":"Aires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi\u00e1rido\u2014UFERSA, Av. Francisco Mota, 572\u2014Bairro Costa e Silva, Mossor\u00f3 59625-900, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6846-2496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael Rodolfo","family":"de Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Environment, Technology, and Society\u2014PPGATS, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi\u00e1rido\u2014UFERSA, Av. Francisco Mota, 572\u2014Bairro Costa e Silva, Mossor\u00f3 59625-900, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caio S\u00e9rgio","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Environment, Technology, and Society\u2014PPGATS, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi\u00e1rido\u2014UFERSA, Av. Francisco Mota, 572\u2014Bairro Costa e Silva, Mossor\u00f3 59625-900, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00facio C\u00e9sar Dantas","family":"de Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Forest Sciences\u2014PPGCFL, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rodovia RN 160, km 03 s\/n, Distrito de Jundia\u00ed, Maca\u00edba 59280-000, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thays Vieira","family":"da Costa Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Organic Analyses, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia, Av. Nossa Sra. das Gra\u00e7as, 50, Xer\u00e9m, Duque de Caxias 25250-020, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6358-6067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u00edra","family":"Fasciotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Organic Analyses, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia, Av. Nossa Sra. das Gra\u00e7as, 50, Xer\u00e9m, Duque de Caxias 25250-020, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priscila Lira","family":"de Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Forest Sciences\u2014PPGCFL, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rodovia RN 160, km 03 s\/n, Distrito de Jundia\u00ed, Maca\u00edba 59280-000, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8383-060X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Rita Mac\u00eado","family":"de Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Forest Sciences\u2014PPGCFL, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rodovia RN 160, km 03 s\/n, Distrito de Jundia\u00ed, Maca\u00edba 59280-000, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiane Kelly Barbosa","family":"de Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Forest Sciences\u2014PPGCFL, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rodovia RN 160, km 03 s\/n, Distrito de Jundia\u00ed, Maca\u00edba 59280-000, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024, September 11). 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