{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T19:04:39Z","timestamp":1789585479914,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: New drugs for the treatment of protozoal parasite infections such as toxoplasmosis and leishmaniasis are required. Cinnamaldehyde and its derivatives appear to be promising antiparasitic drug candidates. Methods: Acyl hydrazones of cinnamaldehyde, 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde, and of the synthetic fragrances silvialTM and florhydralTM were prepared and tested for activity against Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) and Leishmania major (L. major) parasites. Results: Three cinnamaldehyde acyl hydrazones (3-hydroxy-2-naphthoyl 2a and the salicyloyls 2c and 2d) showed good activity against T. gondii, and two compounds derived from cinnamaldehyde and florhydralTM (3-hydroxy-2-naphthoyls 2a and 4a) exhibited moderate activity against L. major promastigotes. Conclusions: In particular, the identified antitoxoplasmal activities are promising and might lead to the development of new potent and cost-effective drug candidates for the therapy of toxoplasmosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13121114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T04:21:36Z","timestamp":1732249296000},"page":"1114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Antiparasitic Activities of Acyl Hydrazones from Cinnamaldehydes and Structurally Related Fragrances"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4690-1050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim S.","family":"Al Nasr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7773-995X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waleed S.","family":"Koko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6184-5929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tariq A.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8413-4342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rainer","family":"Schobert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7305-346X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernhard","family":"Biersack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weso\u0142owski, R., Paw\u0142owska, M., Smogu\u0142a, M., and Szewczyk-Golec, K. 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