{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T21:05:59Z","timestamp":1789074359317,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,23]],"date-time":"2024-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Royal Australian College of Physicians Travel"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The microbiological profile of bone and joint infections is important for determining the empiric choice of both systemic and local antimicrobial therapy. This study assessed whether there was a difference in the bacterial species that were isolated on culture in osteomyelitis (OM), fracture-related infection (FRI) or prosthetic joint infection (PJI). This was a retrospective, observational cohort study of patients who had surgical intervention for PJI or OM or FRI with a positive microbial culture between 2019 and 2022. Methods: Data including patient demographics, the site of injury, JS-BACH score, organism classification and antibiotic resistance to vancomycin and gentamicin were extracted from the medical records. Results: A total of 440 patients were included in this study: 163 patients with osteomyelitis, 109 with fracture-related infection with fixation implants and 168 with prosthetic joint infection. The patients with PJI were older, more likely to be female and had a higher BMI and ASA score compared to those with OM. Patients with PJI were more likely to have a higher JS-BACH score and more complex infections. Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonly isolated organism in all three groups. It was more frequently isolated in osteomyelitis than in PJI (p = 0.016). In both osteomyelitis and FRI, after Staphylococcus aureus, the next most common organisms were Gram-negatives, whilst for PJIs, the most commonly isolated organisms were Staphylococcus aureus, followed by coagulase-negative Staphylococci and then Streptococcus species. The rates of other organisms were broadly similar between the three groups. When adjusted for confounders, including symptom duration, JS-BACH score, the location of injury, age and BMI, there was no statistically significant difference in the presence of Staphylococcus aureus (OR = 0.765; 95% CI 0.633\u20131.232; p = 0.465) or polymicrobial infection (OR = 1.175; 95% CI 0.803\u20131.721; p = 0.407). Conclusions: Causative pathogens are similar across bone and joint infections and are independent of the presence of prosthetic material.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13121125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T03:59:01Z","timestamp":1732507141000},"page":"1125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A Comparison of Causative Pathogens in Bone and Prosthetic Joint Infections: Implications for Antimicrobial Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8041-3822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annalise","family":"Unsworth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Bone Infection Unit, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 7HE, UK"},{"name":"St Vincent\u2019s Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6071-6770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernadette","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Bone Infection Unit, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 7HE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0455-0785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Scarborough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Bone Infection Unit, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 7HE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2003-9044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"McNally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Bone Infection Unit, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 7HE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000002853","article-title":"Lower Extremity Amputation in Fracture Related Infection","volume":"38","author":"Carter","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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