{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T03:16:32Z","timestamp":1784690192447,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The optimal antimicrobial treatment duration for diabetes-related foot osteomyelitis (DFO) currently needs to be determined. We systematically reviewed the effects of short and long treatment durations on outcomes of DFO. Methods: We performed a systematic review searching Cochrane, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL Plus from inception up to 19 January 2024. Two independent reviewers screened the titles and abstracts of the studies. Studies comparing short (&lt;6 weeks) and long (&gt;6 weeks) treatment durations for DFO were included. The primary outcome was amputation; the secondary outcomes were remission, mortality, costs, quality of life, and adverse events. Risk of bias and GRADE were assessed. Results: We identified 2708 references, of which 2173 remained after removing duplicates. Two studies were included. Differences in methodology precluded a meta-analysis. The primary outcome, major amputation, was reported in one study, with a rate of 10% in both the intervention and comparison groups (p = 1.00), regardless of treatment duration. For the secondary outcome, remission rates, the first study reported 60% in the intervention group versus 70% in the comparison group (p = 0.50). In the second study, remission rates were 84% in the intervention group versus 78% in the comparison group (p = 0.55). Data for the outcomes mortality, costs, and quality of life were not available. Short treatment duration may lead to fewer adverse events. The risk of bias was assessed as low to moderate, and the level of evidence ranged from very low to moderate. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that for DFO, there is no difference between a shorter and more prolonged duration of antimicrobial treatment regarding amputation and remission, with potentially fewer adverse events with shorter treatment durations. However, the uncertainty stems from limited, heterogeneous studies and generally low-quality evidence marred by moderate biases, imprecision, and indirectness. More high-quality studies are needed to substantiate these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13121173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T04:47:22Z","timestamp":1733287642000},"page":"1173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Duration of Antibiotic Treatment for Foot Osteomyelitis in People with Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5805-2212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meryl Cinz\u00eda Tila Tamara","family":"Gramberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Rehabilitation and Development, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Infection & Immunity, Infectious Diseases, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam UMC Center for Diabetic Foot Complications (ACDC), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0274-9608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart","family":"Torensma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiologist, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"van Asten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Microbiology, Radboud UMC, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5819-4918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elske","family":"Sieswerda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, UMC Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, UMC Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise Willy Elizabeth","family":"Sabelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Rehabilitation and Development, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam UMC Center for Diabetic Foot Complications (ACDC), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"den Heijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Academisch Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2075-7495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralph","family":"de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Library, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"de Groot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Rehabilitation and Development, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam UMC Center for Diabetic Foot Complications (ACDC), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3410-1227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edgar Josephus Gerardus","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Rehabilitation and Development, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Infection & Immunity, Infectious Diseases, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam UMC Center for Diabetic Foot Complications (ACDC), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"e3687","article-title":"IWGDF\/IDSA Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetes-Related Foot Infections (IWGDF\/IDSA 2023)","volume":"40","author":"Senneville","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. 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Ther."}],"container-title":["Antibiotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/13\/12\/1173\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:46:27Z","timestamp":1760114787000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/13\/12\/1173"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["antibiotics13121173"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics13121173","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-6382"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-6382","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]}}}