{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T17:53:37Z","timestamp":1788630817306,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":219,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The indole nucleus stands out as a pharmacophore, among other aromatic heterocyclic compounds with remarkable therapeutic properties, such as benzimidazole, pyridine, quinoline, benzothiazole, and others. Moreover, a series of recent studies refer to strategies for the synthesis of bisindole derivatives, with various medicinal properties, such as antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-Alzheimer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, etc. Also, a series of natural bisindole compounds are mentioned in the literature for their various biological properties and as a starting point in the synthesis of other related bisindoles. Drawing from these data, we have proposed in this review to provide an overview of the synthesis techniques and medicinal qualities of the bisindolic compounds that have been mentioned in recent literature from 2010 to 2024 as well as their numerous uses in the chemistry of materials, nanomaterials, dyes, polymers, and corrosion inhibitors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13121212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T08:10:47Z","timestamp":1734077447000},"page":"1212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Bisindole Compounds\u2014Synthesis and Medicinal Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8198-7518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Marinescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Soseaua Panduri, 030018 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.07.019","article-title":"An insight into the medicinal perspective of synthetic analogs of indole: A review","volume":"180","author":"Thanikachalam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/s43094-020-00141-y","article-title":"A brief review of the biological potential of indole derivatives","volume":"6","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Future J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kazemi, Z., Rudbari, H.A., Moini, N., Momenbeik, F., Carnamucio, F., and Micale, N. (2024). Indole-Containing Metal Complexes and Their Medicinal Applications. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29020484"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hareeri, R.H., Aldurdunji, M.M., Abdallah, H.M., Alqarni, A.A., Mohamed, S.G.A., Mohamed, G.A., and Ibrahim, S.R.M. (2022). Aspergillus ochraceus: Metabolites, Bioactivities, Biosynthesis, and Biotechnological Potential. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27196759"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Umer, S.M., Solangi, M., Khan, K.M., and Saleem, R.S.Z. (2022). Indole-Containing Natural Products 2019\u20132022: Isolations, Reappraisals, Syntheses, and Biological Activities. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27217586"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, Y., Chen, S., Yang, F., and Dong, S. (2021). Marine Indole Alkaloids\u2014Isolation, Structure and Bioactivities. Mar. Drugs, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/md19120658"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2020.104558","article-title":"Indole alkaloids: 2012 until now, highlighting the new chemical structures and biological activities","volume":"143","author":"Rosales","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2022.132808","article-title":"An insight into the recent developments in anti-infective potential of indole and associated hybrids","volume":"1261","author":"Mathada","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dhuguru, J., and Skouta, R. (2020). Role of Indole Scaffolds as Pharmacophores in the Development of Anti-Lung Cancer Agents. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25071615"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2022.03.021","article-title":"Target-based anticancer indole derivatives and insight into structure\u2013activity relationship: A mechanistic review update (2018\u20132021)","volume":"12","author":"Dhiman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, A.K., Kumar, A., Singh, H., Sonawane, P., Paliwal, H., Thareja, S., Pathak, P., Grishina, M., Jaremko, M., and Emwas, A.-H. (2022). Concept of Hybrid Drugs and Recent Advancements in Anticancer Hybrids. Pharmaceuticals, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15091071"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salerno, S., Barresi, E., Baglini, E., Poggetti, V., Da Settimo, F., and Taliani, S. (2023). Target-Based Anticancer Indole Derivatives for the Development of Anti-Glioblastoma Agents. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28062587"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2022.103756","article-title":"Antihypertensive activity of indole and indazole analogues: A review","volume":"15","author":"Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arab. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2022.102475","article-title":"Catalytic multicomponent synthesis, biological evaluation, molecular docking and in silico ADMET studies of some novel 3-alkyl indoles","volume":"35","author":"Ramarajan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. King Saud Univ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8808","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.3c00403","article-title":"Discovery of Acyl-Indole Derivatives as Pan-Serotype Dengue Virus NS4B Inhibitors","volume":"66","author":"Kesteleyn","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mendogralo, E.Y., Nesterova, L.Y., Nasibullina, E.R., Shcherbakov, R.O., Myasnikov, D.A., Tkachenko, A.G., Sidorov, R.Y., and Uchuskin, M.G. (2023). Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities, and Molecular Docking Investigations of 2-(1H-Indol-3-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole Derivatives. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28207095"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Wabli, R.I., Alsulami, M.A., Bukhari, S.I., Moubayed, N.M.S., Al-Mutairi, M.S., and Attia, M.I. (2021). Design, Synthesis, and Antimicrobial Activity of Certain New Indole-1,2,4 Triazole Conjugates. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26082292"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1134\/S1068162023030111","article-title":"Synthesis, Anticancer Activity and Computational Docking Techniques of Some Novel Derivatives Based on Indole Bearing Oxadiazole\u2013Triazole Moieties","volume":"49","author":"Gogisetti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Russ. J. Bioorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s43094-023-00500-5","article-title":"Synthesis of biologically active sulfonamide-based indole analogs: A review","volume":"9","author":"Mushtaq","year":"2023","journal-title":"Future J. Phrm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Demir-Yaz\u0131c\u0131, K., G\u00fczel-Akdemir, \u00d6., Angeli, A., Supuran, C.T., and Akdemir, A. (2020). Novel Indole-Based Hydrazones as Potent Inhibitors of the \u03b1-class Carbonic Anhydrase from Pathogenic Bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21093131"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"e01463","article-title":"In silico studies and antimicrobial investigation of synthesised novel N-acylhydrazone derivatives of indole","volume":"19","author":"Yeye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Afr."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mo, X., Rao, D.P., Kaur, K., Hassan, R., Abdel-Samea, A.S., Farhan, S.M., Br\u00e4se, S., and Hashem, H. (2024). Indole Derivatives: A Versatile Scaffold in Modern Drug Discovery\u2014An Updated Review on Their Multifaceted Therapeutic Applications (2020\u20132024). Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29194770"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kudli\u010dkov\u00e1, Z., Michalkov\u00e1, R., Salayov\u00e1, A., Ksia\u017eek, M., Vilkov\u00e1, M., Beke\u0161ov\u00e1, S., and Moj\u017ei\u0161, J. (2023). Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Novel Indole Hybrid Chalcones and Their Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Activity. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202309.0098.v1"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50344","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c10902","article-title":"Eco-Friendly Cellulose-Based Nonionic Antimicrobial Polymers with Excellent Biocompatibility, Nonleachability, and Polymer Miscibility","volume":"15","author":"Dang","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.143810","article-title":"Sustainable one-pot synthesis of novel soluble cellulose-based nonionic biopolymers for natural antimicrobial materials","volume":"468","author":"Dang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Russo, E., Grondona, C., Brullo, C., Spallarossa, A., Villa, C., and Tasso, B. (2023). Indole Antitumor Agents in Nanotechnology Formulations: An Overview. Pharmaceutics, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15071815"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butova, V.V., Baurer, T.V., Polyakov, V.A., and Minkina, T.M. (2023). Advances in nanoparticle and organic formulations for prolonged controlled release of auxins. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 201.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2023.107808"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inoche.2024.112121","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of poly indole-iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications","volume":"61","author":"Olikkavi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2020.129093","article-title":"Molecular encapsulation study of indole-3-methanol in cyclodextrins: Effect on antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity","volume":"1225","author":"Bomzan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micromeso.2021.111342","article-title":"Zeolite beta in situ encapsulation of indole and its derivatives as controlled release formulations for antibacterial","volume":"325","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microporous Mesoporous Mater."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dyepig.2020.108854","article-title":"Iodinated xanthene-cyanine NIR dyes as potential photosensitizers for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy","volume":"184","author":"Ebaston","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dye. Pigment."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, R., and Qian, Y. (2024). NIR ditriphenylamine Indole-BODIPY photosensitizer: Synthesis, photodynamic therapy in A549 cells and two-photon fluorescence imaging in zebrafish. Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol., 304.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2023.123387"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3333","DOI":"10.1007\/s00289-023-04873-8","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of PANI and PANI-indole copolymer and study of their antimalarial and antituberculosis activity","volume":"81","author":"Chaubisa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Polym. Bull."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cadelis, M.M., Liu, T., Sue, K., Rouvier, F., Bourguet-Kondracki, M.-L., Brunel, J.M., and Copp, B.R. (2023). Structure\u2013Activity Relationship Studies of Indolglyoxyl-Polyamine Conjugates as Antimicrobials and Antibiotic Potentiators. Pharmaceuticals, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16060823"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1002\/pi.6597","article-title":"A toughening indole-based epoxy film with efficient anti-counterfeiting properties driven by cation\u2013\u03c0 interaction","volume":"73","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Polym. Int."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3231","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30972-7","article-title":"Force\u2013reversible chemical reaction at ambient temperature for designing toughened dynamic covalent polymer networks","volume":"13","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.1c01186","article-title":"Hyperbranched Polyesters Based on Indole- and Lignin-Derived Monomeric Aromatic Aldehydes as Effective Nonionic Antimicrobial Coatings with Excellent Biocompatibility","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8211","DOI":"10.1039\/D1RA09317G","article-title":"Recent trends and advances in polyindole-based nanocomposites as potential antimicrobial agents: A mini review","volume":"12","author":"Pradeep","year":"2022","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2004.05.030","article-title":"Synthesis and evaluation of glycosidase inhibitory activity of octahydro-2H-pyrido [1,2-a] pyrimidine and octahydro-imidazo [1,2-a] pyridine bicyclic diazasugars","volume":"12","author":"Dhavale","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Omar, F., Tareq, A.M., Alqahtani, A.M., Dhama, K., Sayeed, M.A., Emran, T.B., and Simal-Gandara, J. (2021). Plant-Based Indole Alkaloids: A Comprehensive Overview from a Pharmacological Perspective. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26082297"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plazas, E., and Faraone, N. (2023). Indole Alkaloids from Psychoactive Mushrooms: Chemical and Pharmacological Potential as Psychotherapeutic Agents. Biomedicines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11020461"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y.-H., Du, H.-F., Liu, Y.-F., Cao, F., Luo, D.-Q., and Wang, C.-Y. (2024). Novel anti-inflammatory diketopiperazine alkaloids from the marine-derived fungus Penicillium brasilianum. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 108.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-024-13026-4"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, H., Sun, K., and Sun, J. (2023). Recent Advances of Marine Natural Indole Products in Chemical and Biological Aspects. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28052204"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3493","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S377921","article-title":"The Novel Compounds with Biological Activity Derived from Soil Fungi in the Past Decade","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2023.109690","article-title":"The role of the indoles in microbiota-gut-brain axis and potential therapeutic targets: A focus on human neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases","volume":"239","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Pei, Z., Pan, T., Wang, H., Chen, W., and Lu, W. (2023). Indole metabolites and colorectal cancer: Gut microbial tryptophan metabolism, host gut microbiome biomarkers, and potential intervention mechanisms. Microbiol. Res., 272.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2023.127392"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/s43393-023-00223-x","article-title":"Indoles and the advances in their biotechnological production for industrial applications","volume":"4","author":"Ferrer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Syst. Microbiol. Biomanuf."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salama, E.E., Youssef, M.F., Aboelmagd, A., Boraei, A.T.A., Nafie, M.S., Haukka, M., Barakat, A., and Sarhan, A.A.M. (2023). Discovery of Potent Indolyl-Hydrazones as Kinase Inhibitors for Breast Cancer: Synthesis, X-ray Single-Crystal Analysis, and In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Cancer Activity Evaluation. Pharmaceuticals, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16121724"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Wahaibi, L.H., Mohammed, A.F., Abdelrahman, M.H., Trembleau, L., and Youssif, B.G.M. (2023). Design, Synthesis, and Antiproliferative Activity of New 5-Chloro-indole-2-carboxylate and Pyrrolo[3,4-b]indol-3-one Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of EGFRT790M\/BRAFV600E Pathways. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28031269"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.207","article-title":"Synthesis of indole derivatives as diabetics II inhibitors and enzymatic kinetics study of \u03b1-glucosidase and \u03b1-amylase along with their in-silico study","volume":"190","author":"Taha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102996","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2023.102996","article-title":"Antimicrobial evaluation of spirooxindolopyrrolidine engrafted indoles against multidrug resistant ESKAPE clinical pathogens","volume":"36","author":"Arumugam","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. King Saud Univ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22123","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.22123","article-title":"Indole-based aryl sulfides target the cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus without detectable resistance","volume":"58","author":"Lavekar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug. Dev. Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.2c00352","article-title":"Structural Determinants of Indole-2-carboxamides: Identification of Lead Acetamides with Pan Antimycobacterial Activity","volume":"66","author":"Bhattarai","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7903","DOI":"10.1007\/s11696-023-03060-3","article-title":"Design, synthesis, and assessment of pharmacological properties of indole-based fluorinated chalcones and their benzenesulfonamide analogs","volume":"77","author":"Yamali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Pap."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s43094-023-00466-4","article-title":"Synthesis, biological activity of newly designed sulfonamide based indole derivative as antimicrobial agent","volume":"9","author":"Agrawal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Future J. Phar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kornicka, A., Gzella, K., Garbacz, K., Jarosiewicz, M., Gdaniec, M., Fedorowicz, J., Balewski, \u0141., Kokoszka, J., and Ordyszewska, A. (2023). Indole-Acrylonitrile Derivatives as Potential Antitumor and Antimicrobial Agents\u2014Synthesis, In Vitro and In Silico Studies. Pharmaceuticals, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16070918"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1039\/D0MD00288G","article-title":"Indole\u2013a promising pharmacophore in recent antiviral drug discovery","volume":"11","author":"Dorobabu","year":"2020","journal-title":"RSC Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arumugam, G.S., Damodharan, K., Doble, M., and Thennarasu, S. (2022). Significant perspectives on various viral infections targeted antiviral drugs and vaccines including COVID-19 pandemicity. Mol. Biomed., 3.","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-022-00078-z"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2256","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-023-03134-7","article-title":"Synthesis of indole-based ferulic acid derivatives and in vitro evaluation of antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2","volume":"32","author":"Verzola","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2300673","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.202300673","article-title":"Indole clubbed 2,4-thiazolidinedione linked 1,2,3-triazole as a potent antimalarial and antibacterial agent against drug-resistant strain and molecular modeling studies","volume":"257","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch. Der Pharm."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pacheco, P.A.F., and Santos, M.M.M. (2022). Recent Progress in the Development of Indole-Based Compounds Active against Malaria, Trypanosomiasis and Leishmaniasis. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27010319"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2022.100119","article-title":"Indole: A promising scaffold for the discovery and development of potential anti-tubercular agents","volume":"3","author":"Bajad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Pharm. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomedchemau.3c00029","article-title":"Investigating the Roles of Active Site Residues in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Indole-3-glycerol Phosphate Synthase, a Potential Target for Antitubercular Agents","volume":"3","author":"Konas","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Bio Med Chem Au"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2022.134704","article-title":"Synthesis of 2-aryl-3-triazolyl-indoles from phenacyltriazole-derived hydrazones: Exploring new scaffolds for anticonvulsant activity","volume":"1276","author":"Hashemi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zohny, Y.M., Awad, S.M., Rabie, M.A., and Alsaidan, O.A. (2023). Design, Synthesis, Molecular Modeling, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Pyrimidine Derivatives as Potential Calcium Channel Blockers. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28124869"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romero, F., Palacios, J., Jofr\u00e9, I., Paz, C., Nwokocha, C.R., Paredes, A., and Cifuentes, F. (2019). Aristoteline, an Indole-Alkaloid, Induces Relaxation by Activating Potassium Channels and Blocking Calcium Channels in Isolated Rat Aorta. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24152748"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2020.05.008","article-title":"The selenocompound 1-methyl-3-(phenylselanyl)-1H-indole attenuates depression-like behavior, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation in streptozotocin-treated mice","volume":"161","author":"Bampi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan, S., Ma, Y., Yang, R., Lu, X., You, Q., Ye, T., and Huang, C. (2022). Indole-3-Carbinol Selectively Prevents Chronic Stress- Induced Depression-but not Anxiety-Like Behaviors via Suppressing Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Production and Oxido-Nitrosative Stress in the Brain. Front. Pharmacol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.829966"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zvozilova, A., Reichova, A., Mach, M., Bakos, J., and Koprdova, R. (2024). Effect of a New Substance with Pyridoindole Structure on Adult Neurogenesis, Shape of Neurons, and Behavioral Outcomes in a Chronic Mild Stress Model in Rats. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25020845"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1039\/D2RA05105B","article-title":"Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro anticholinesterase screening of novel indole amines","volume":"13","author":"Gondal","year":"2023","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bon, L., Bana\u015b, A., Dias, I., Melo-Marques, I., Cardoso, S.M., Chaves, S., and Santos, M.A. (2024). New Multitarget Rivastigmine\u2013Indole Hybrids as Potential Drug Candidates for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Pharmaceutics, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16020281"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2023.11.040","article-title":"Indole-3-acetic acid, a potential therapeutic target in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"69","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Bull."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1080\/14756366.2022.2145283","article-title":"Novel N-methylsulfonyl-indole derivatives: Biological activity and COX-2\/5-LOX inhibitory effect with improved gastro protective profile and reduced cardio vascular risks","volume":"38","author":"Philoppes","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1002\/jhet.4562","article-title":"Methoxy-activated indole-7-carbohydrazides; synthesis, antioxidant, and anticancer properties","volume":"60","author":"Kandemir","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Heterocycl. Chem."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siddique, S., Ahmad, K.R., Nawaz, S.K., Ahmad, S.N., Ali, R., Inayat, I., Suleman, S., Kanwal, M.A., and Usman, M. (2023). Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-pyretic and anti-ulcerogenic potentials of synthetic indole derivatives. Sci. Rep., 13.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-35640-4"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-020-02528-1","article-title":"Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: A review of recent chemical scaffolds with promising anti-inflammatory and COX-2 inhibitory activities","volume":"29","author":"Mohsin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-022-02974-z","article-title":"Synthesis, biological evaluation, and bioinformatics analysis of indole analogs on AChE and GST activities","volume":"31","author":"Cetin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.oprd.3c00002","article-title":"Optimized Synthesis of Indole Carboxylate Metallo-\u03b2-Lactamase Inhibitor EBL-3183","volume":"27","author":"Baran","year":"2023","journal-title":"Org. Process Res. Dev."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-20900-6","article-title":"A small molecule compound with an indole moiety inhibits the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 and blocks virus replication","volume":"12","author":"Hattori","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jscs.2022.101474","article-title":"Synthesis of indole-based oxadiazoles and their interaction with bacterial peptidoglycan and SARS-CoV-2 main protease: In vitro, molecular docking and in silico ADME\/Tox study","volume":"26","author":"Ansari","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Saudi Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-022-01280-2","article-title":"Indole-3-carbinol in vitro antiviral activity against SARS-Cov-2 virus and in vivo toxicity","volume":"8","author":"Centofanti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"ref_82","first-page":"463","article-title":"The Synthesis of 2,2-bis(1-indol-3-yl)acenaphthylene-1(2)-ones using nanocatalysis: Fluorescent sensing for Cu2+ ions","volume":"29","author":"Khademi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecol. Chem. Eng. S"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ullrich, R., Poraj-Kobielska, M., Herold-Majumdar, O.M., Vind, J., and Hofrichter, M. (2021). Synthesis of Indigo-Dyes from Indole Derivatives by Unspecific Peroxygenases and Their Application for In-Situ Dyeing. Catalysts, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/catal11121495"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10399","DOI":"10.1021\/ie3010379","article-title":"Caulerpin-A bis-Indole Alkaloid As a Green Inhibitor for the Corrosion of Mild Steel in 1 M HCl Solution from the Marine Alga Caulerpa racemosa","volume":"51","author":"Kamal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, W., Yan, G., Ding, Q., Cai, J., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Z., Lei, H., and Zhu, Y.Z. (2022). Update of Indoles: Promising molecules for ameliorating metabolic diseases. Biomed. Pharmacother., 150.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.112957"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves, R.C.R., Pe\u00f1alver, P., Costa, S.P.G., Morales, J.C., and Raposo, M.M.M. (2023). Polyaromatic Bis(indolyl)methane Derivatives with Antiproliferative and Antiparasitic Activity. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28237728"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlumin.2018.12.032","article-title":"Bis(indolyl)methane substituted tetraphenylethylene derivatives as AIE active materials","volume":"208","author":"Lafzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Luminiscence"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catcom.2006.07.010","article-title":"HClO4\u2013SiO2 as a novel and recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of bis-indolylmethanes and bis-indolylglycoconjugates","volume":"8","author":"Kamble","year":"2007","journal-title":"Catal. Commun."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4467","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-4039(96)00958-6","article-title":"Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Reactions in Protic Media. Lanthanide-Catalyzed Reactions of Indoles with Aldehydes or Ketones","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1007\/s12633-017-9747-2","article-title":"Evaluation of the Optical and Structural Properties of Constructed Bis-indole Derivatives Using (Sm2O3\/SiO2) Catalyst","volume":"10","author":"Khatab","year":"2018","journal-title":"Silicon"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.2298\/JSC120506076O","article-title":"A novel approach to bis(indolyl)methanes using nickel nanoparticles as a reusable catalyst under solvent-free conditions","volume":"78","author":"Olyaei","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Serb. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2018.05.046","article-title":"Rational design of bis-indolylmethane-oxadiazole hybrids as inhibitors of thymidine phosphorylase","volume":"26","author":"Taha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10438","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.1c07258","article-title":"Effective Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Natural and Designed Bis(indolyl)methanes via Taurine-Catalyzed Green Approach","volume":"7","author":"Chavan","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms14011843","article-title":"Synthesis of Bisindolylmethanes and Their Cytotoxicity Properties","volume":"14","author":"Naidu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catcom.2014.08.003","article-title":"Tetramethyl guanidinium chlorosulfonate as a highly efficient and recyclable organocatalyst for the preparation of bis(indolyl)methane derivatives","volume":"57","author":"Kalla","year":"2014","journal-title":"Catal. Commun."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfluchem.2011.07.011","article-title":"Pentafluorophenylammonium triflate as an efficient, environmentally friendly and novel organocatalyst for synthesis of bis-indolyl methane derivatives","volume":"132","author":"Khaksar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Fluor. Chem."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcata.2005.09.005","article-title":"Aluminumdodecatungstophosphate (AlPW12O40), a versatile and a highly water tolerant green Lewis acid catalyzes efficient preparation of indole derivatives","volume":"244","author":"Firouzabadi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cat. A Chem."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1002\/adsc.200390038","article-title":"Efficient and Eco-Friendly Process for the Synthesis of Bis(1H-indol-3-yl)methanes using Ionic Liquids","volume":"345","author":"Yadav","year":"2003","journal-title":"Adv. Synth. Catal."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2009.08.073","article-title":"Indole 3-alkylation\/vinylation under catalysis of the guanidinium ionic liquids","volume":"65","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2012.06.106","article-title":"Synthesis of aryl\/alkyl(2,2\u2032-bis-3-methylindolyl) methanes and aryl(3,3\u2032-bisindolyl)methanes promoted by secondary amine based ionic liquids and microwave irradiation","volume":"53","author":"Das","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2242","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.7b01925","article-title":"Synthesis of Bis(indolyl) methanes Using Hyper-Cross-Linked Polyaromatic Spheres Decorated with Bromomethyl Groups as Efficient and Recyclable Catalysts","volume":"3","author":"Kalla","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9152","DOI":"10.1039\/D1NJ00382H","article-title":"Chickpea leaf exudates: A green Br\u00f8nsted acid type biosurfactant for bis(indole)methane and bis(pyrazolyl)methane synthesis","volume":"45","author":"Patil","year":"2021","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_103","first-page":"6358","article-title":"Ytterbium (III) triflate\/Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: A Versatile Recyclable and Water-Tolerant Catalyst for the Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methanes (BIMs)","volume":"3","author":"Tornquist","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Sel."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1039\/D3RA07115D","article-title":"LiOtBu-promoted synthesis of bis (3-indolyl) methanes by the alkylation of indoles with alcohols under air","volume":"14","author":"Nguyen","year":"2024","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2011.03.061","article-title":"Indium triflate-catalyzed coupling of indoles with acyl phosphonates: Synthesis of bis(indolyl)methane phosphonates","volume":"67","author":"Dasbasi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2011.08.051","article-title":"Regioselective synthesis of 3,3-bis(indolyl)propanoic acid derivatives by iron(III)-catalyzed hydroarylation of propynoic acid derivatives with indoles","volume":"67","author":"Kutubi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2019.151329","article-title":"A consecutive one-pot two-step approach to novel trifluoromethylsubstituted bis(indolyl)methane derivatives promoted by Sc(OTf)3 and p-TSA","volume":"60","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1081\/SCC-120027288","article-title":"Ion exchange resin catalyzed condensation of indole and carbonyl compounds\u2014Synthesis of bis-indolylmethanes","volume":"34","author":"Feng","year":"2004","journal-title":"Synth. Commun."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2015.11.013","article-title":"An efficient synthesis of bis(indolyl) methanes and N,N0-alkylidene bisamides by Silzic under solvent free conditions","volume":"27","author":"Soliman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crci.2014.10.005","article-title":"An efficient ultrasound-promoted method for the synthesis of bis(indole) derivatives","volume":"18","author":"Rahimi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus. Chim."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2009.09.019","article-title":"Efficient synthesis of 3-substituted indoles through a domino gold(I) chloride catalyzed cycloisomerization\/C3-functionalization of 2-(alkynyl)anilines","volume":"65","author":"Praveen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2016.10.067","article-title":"Reactivity of indole-3-alkoxides in the absence of acids: Rapid synthesis of homo-bisindolylmethanes","volume":"72","author":"Chinta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2016.12.028","article-title":"Hetero-Diels-Alder approach to Bis(indolyl)methanes","volume":"25","author":"Grosso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jscs.2016.01.009","article-title":"Amberlite IRA-400 Cl resin catalyzed synthesis of secondary amines and transformation into N-((1H-indol-3-yl)(heteroaryl) methyl)-N-heteroaryl benzenamines and bis-Indoles via Multicomponent Reaction","volume":"22","author":"Harichandran","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Saudi Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1080\/00397911.2014.886330","article-title":"Rapid and Efficient Synthesis of 3,3-Di(1H-indol-3-yl)indolin-2-ones and 2,2-Di(1H-indol-3-yl)-2Hacenaphthen-1-ones Catalyzed by p-TSA","volume":"44","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Synth. Commun."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonvicini, F., Locatelli, A., Morigi, R., Leoni, A., and Gentilomi, G.A. (2022). Isatin Bis-Indole and Bis-Imidazothiazole Hybrids: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27185781"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1007\/s13738-015-0639-3","article-title":"Application of SBA-Pr-NH2 as a nanoporous base silica catalyst in the development of 2,2-Bis(1H-indol-3-yl)acenaphthen-1(2H)-ones syntheses","volume":"12","author":"Ziarani","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Iran. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.3184\/030823410X12701382235942","article-title":"Facile synthesis of 2,2-bis(1H-indol-3-yl)acenaphthen-1(2H)-one derivatives catalysed by ceric ammonium nitrate","volume":"2010","author":"Feng","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-017-2103-7","article-title":"Synthesis of diverse amide linked bis-indoles and indole derivatives bearing coumarin-based moiety: Cytotoxicity and molecular docking investigations","volume":"27","author":"Halawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kruppa, M., Sommer, G.A., and M\u00fcller, T.J.J. (2022). Concise Syntheses of Marine (Bis)indole Alkaloids Meridianin C, D, F, and G and Scalaridine A via One-Pot Masuda Borylation-Suzuki Coupling Sequence. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27072233"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, H., Aggarwal, N., Marwaha, M.G., Deep, A., Chopra, H., Matin, M.M., Roy, A., Emran, T.B., Mohanta, Y.K., and Ahmed, R. (2022). Thiazolidin-2,4-Dione Scaffold: An Insight into Recent Advances as Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Hypoglycemic Agents. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27196763"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.glmedi.2024.100081","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: Impacts, challenges, and future prospects","volume":"2","author":"Ahmed","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Med. Surg. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1002\/mrc.2335","article-title":"Hydroacridines: Part 29. 15N NMR chemical shifts of 9-substituted 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroacridines and their N-oxides-Taft, Swain-Lupton, and other types of linear correlations","volume":"46","author":"Potmischil","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mag. Res. Chem."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2023.02.021","article-title":"A parallel and silent emerging pandemic: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) amid COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"16","author":"Rehman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Infect. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mssp.2015.02.064","article-title":"Octahydroacridine thin films grown by matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation for non linear optical applications","volume":"36","author":"Ion","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mat. Sci. Semicond. Proc."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1080\/14756360802292974","article-title":"An efficient synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes and evaluation of their antimicrobial activities","volume":"24","author":"Kamal","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Enzym. Inhib. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-013-0737-7","article-title":"Synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 3,3\u2032-diindolylmethane derivatives","volume":"23","author":"Roy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2015.08.012","article-title":"Synthesis, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity of bis(indolyl)methanes","volume":"27","author":"Sarva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_129","first-page":"S722","article-title":"Antibacterial Activity of Bis(Indolyl) Methane Derivatives against Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"3","author":"Bahe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. J. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campana, R., Mangiaterra, G., Tiboni, M., Frangipani, E., Biavasco, F., Lucarini, S., and Citterio, B. (2020). A Fluorinated Analogue of Marine Bisindole Alkaloid 2,2-Bis(6-bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)ethanamine as Potential Anti-Biofilm Agent and Antibiotic Adjuvant Against Staphylococcus aureus. Pharm., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph13090210"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2011.08.075","article-title":"Iodine-catalyzed conjugate addition of indoles onto en-1,4-dione: A novel synthesis of 3-(1-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)indolin-2-ones as antibacterial and antifungal agents","volume":"21","author":"Reddy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2011.04.001","article-title":"Synthesis and evaluation of indole-based new scaffolds for antimicrobial activities\u2014Identification of promising candidates","volume":"21","author":"Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4437","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-012-0451-x","article-title":"Synthesis, characterization, and SAR studies of new (1H-indol-3-yl)alkyl-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanamide derivatives as possible antimicrobial and antitubercular agents","volume":"22","author":"Karuvalam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-012-0087-x","article-title":"Synthesis and in vitro antibacterial activity of schiff bases of N-substituted isatins as effective scaffolds","volume":"22","author":"Kumari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caspar, Y., Sutera, V., Boisset, S., Denis, J.-N., and Maurin, M. (2014). Bis-indolic compounds as potentialnew therapeutic alternatives for tularaemia. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2014.00024"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11722","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules190811722","article-title":"Synthesis of Novel Bisindolylmethane Schiff bases and Their Antibacterial Activity","volume":"19","author":"Imran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-013-0764-4","article-title":"A new class of bactericidal agents against S. aureus, MRSA and VRE derived from bisindolylmethane","volume":"23","author":"Sharma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv015","article-title":"Novel synthetic bis-indolic derivatives with antistaphylococcal activity, including against MRSA and VISA strains","volume":"70","author":"Caspar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1515\/znb-2017-0039","article-title":"Synthesis and biological activities of new bis-indole derivatives via microwave irradiation","volume":"72","author":"Halawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Z. Naturforschung B"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2017.10.025","article-title":"Synthesis, spectroscopic investigations, DFT studies, molecular docking and antimicrobial potential of certain new indole-isatin molecular hybrids: Experimental and theoretical approaches","volume":"1153","author":"Almutairi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2015.05.015","article-title":"Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxic investigations of novel bis(indole) analogues besides antimicrobial study","volume":"12","author":"Choppara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arab. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holland, D.C., Hayton, J.B., Kiefel, M.J., and Carroll, A.R. (2024). Synthesis and Cheminformatics-Directed Antibacterial Evaluation of Echinosulfonic Acid-Inspired Bis-Indole Alkaloids. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29122806"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1007\/s11094-020-02103-3","article-title":"Synthesis of new bis(indolyl)methanes catalyzed by benzylsulfamic acid and evaluation of their antimicrobial activities","volume":"53","author":"Soltani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharm. Chem. J."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dyepig.2021.109745","article-title":"Unexpected effect of iodine atoms in heptamethine cyanine dyes on the photodynamic eradication of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens","volume":"195","author":"Semenova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dye. Pigment."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, N.A., Kaur, N., Owens, P., Thomas, O.P., and Boyd, A. (2022). Bis-Indole Alkaloids Isolated from the Sponge Spongosorites calcicola Disrupt Cell Membranes of MRSA. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23041991"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2023.104970","article-title":"Bis-indole based triazine derivatives: Synthesis, characterization, in vitro \u03b2-glucuronidase anti-cancer and anti-bacterial evaluation along with in silico molecular docking and ADME analysis","volume":"16","author":"Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arab. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2933","DOI":"10.1007\/s11164-023-05024-4","article-title":"Synthesis of novel indole-oxindole clubbed 1,2,3-triazole hybrids: Antimicrobial evaluation and molecular docking study","volume":"49","author":"Mokariya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Res. Chem. Intermediat."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dyepig.2022.111053","article-title":"Highly efficient near-IR cyclohexene cyanine photosensitizers for antibacterial photodynamic therapy","volume":"211","author":"Prakash","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dye. Pigment."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2023.136298","article-title":"Molecular docking, synthesis and evaluation of the antimicrobial, antiproliferative, and antioxidant properties of \u03b2-lactam bisindoles","volume":"1294","author":"Ranjbari","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_150","first-page":"e202302922","article-title":"Antimicrobial Activity of N-Substituted Derivatives of 5-Chloro-2,3- Diphenyl Indole","volume":"8","author":"Sofan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Sel."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202400254","DOI":"10.1002\/ajoc.202400254","article-title":"Design, Synthesis and Molecular Docking Studies of New Indole Scaffolds","volume":"13","author":"Kotha","year":"2024","journal-title":"As. J. Org. Chem"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00731-y","article-title":"Anti-tuberculosis treatment strategies and drug development: Challenges and priorities","volume":"20","author":"Dartois","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_153","first-page":"70","article-title":"Synthesis of novel indolyl-azetidinone and thiazolidinone derivatives as a potent antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitubercular agents","volume":"6","author":"Walmik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Der Pharma Chem."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.13363","article-title":"An efficient and facile green synthesis of bisindole methanes as potential Mtb FtsZ inhibitors","volume":"92","author":"Khadkikar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Drug Des."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.22376\/ijpbs.2017.8.2.p338-355","article-title":"2-Aminopyridine\u2013A classic and trendy pharmacophore","volume":"8","author":"Marinescu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Bio. Sci."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1021\/ol802506n","article-title":"Flinderoles A-C: Antimalarial Bis-indole Alkaloids from Flindersia Species","volume":"11","author":"Fernandez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6936","DOI":"10.1021\/ja301387k","article-title":"Biomimetic Synthesis of the Antimalarial Flindersial Alkaloids","volume":"134","author":"Vallakati","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3211","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.7b00587","article-title":"Pimentelamines A\u2212C, Indole Alkaloids Isolated from the Leaves of the Australian Tree Flindersia pimenteliana","volume":"80","author":"Robertson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2024.102863","article-title":"A review on potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of leishmaniasis","volume":"100","author":"Sheikh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2024.138015","article-title":"Synthesis, computational study, and antileishmanial and antifungal evaluation of phenoxyacetophenone hydrazones bearing a 4-arylthiazole moiety","volume":"108","author":"Ansari","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taha, M., Uddin, I., Gollapalli, M., Almandil, N.B., Rahim, F., Farooq, R.K., Nawaz, M., Ibrahim, M., Alqahtani, M.A., and Bamarouf, Y.A. (2019). Synthesis, anti-leishmanial and molecular docking study of bis-indole derivatives. BMC Chem., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13065-019-0617-4"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2023.133329","article-title":"Seleno-indoles trigger reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction in Leishmania amazonensis","volume":"135","author":"Filho","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmad, G., Sohail, M., Bilal, M., Rasool, N., Qamar, M.U., Ciurea, C., Marceanu, L.G., and Misarca, C. (2024). N-Heterocycles as Promising Antiviral Agents: A Comprehensive Overview. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29102232"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gudima, G., Kofiadi, I., Shilovskiy, I., Kudlay, D., and Khaitov, M. (2023). Antiviral Therapy of COVID-19. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24108867"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5270","DOI":"10.1021\/jm500344y","article-title":"Structure\u2212Activity Relationship Studies of Indole-Based Compounds as Small Molecule HIV-1 Fusion Inhibitors Targeting Glycoprotein 41","volume":"57","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2018.10.048","article-title":"Investigation of the molecular characteristics of bisindole inhibitors as HIV-1 glycoprotein-41 fusion inhibitors","volume":"161","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4528","DOI":"10.1039\/D1CC01013A","article-title":"A targeted covalent small molecule inhibitor of HIV-1 fusion","volume":"57","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, Y., He, X., Yan, L., Zhang, H., Liu, S., Ma, Q., Zhang, P., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., and Wang, Z. (2023). Discovery of Barakacin and Its Derivatives as Novel Antiviral and Fungicidal Agents. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28073032"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yin, L.J., bin Ahmad Kamar, A.K.D., Fung, G.T., Liang, C.T., and Avupati, V.R. (2022). Review of anticancer potentials and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of rhodanine derivatives. Biomed. Pharmacother., 145.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112406"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hassan, S.M., Farid, A., Panda, S.S., Bekheit, M.S., Dinkins, H., Fayad, W., and Girgis, A.S. (2024). Indole Compounds in Oncology: Therapeutic Potential and Mechanistic Insights. Pharmaceuticals, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17070922"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.3390\/ddc3030029","article-title":"Biological Profile of Synthetic and Natural Indole Derivatives: Paving New Paths in Cancer Treatment","volume":"3","author":"Janeiro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drugs Drug Candidates"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heged\u0171s, D., Szemer\u00e9di, N., Petrinca, K., Berkecz, R., Spengler, G., and Szatm\u00e1ri, I. (2024). Synthesis of Tumor Selective Indole and 8-Hydroxyquinoline Skeleton Containing Di-, or Triarylmethanes with Improved Cytotoxic Activity. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29174176"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1007\/s11030-013-9457-7","article-title":"Synthesis and structure\u2013activity relationship of mono-indole-, bis-indole-, and tris-indole-based sulfonamides as potential anticancer agents","volume":"17","author":"Pingaew","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Div."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2014.12.008","article-title":"Synthesis, cytostatic evaluation and structure activity relationships of novel bis-indolylmethanes and their corresponding tetrahydroindolocarbazole","volume":"90","author":"Ahmed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szumilak, M., Galdyszynska, M., Dominska, K., Bak-Sypien, I.I., Merecz-Sadowska, A., Stanczak, A., Karwowski, B.T., and Piastowska-Ciesielska, A.W. (2017). Synthesis, Biological Activity and Preliminary in Silico ADMET Screening of Polyamine Conjugates with Bicyclic Systems. Molecules, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22050794"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eldehna, W.M., Hassan, G.S., Al-Rashood, S.T., Alkahtani, H.M., Almehizia, A., and Al-Ansary, G.H. (2020). Marine-Inspired Bis-indoles Possessing Antiproliferative Activity against Breast Cancer; Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation. Mar. Drugs, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/md18040190"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31854","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.1c04552","article-title":"Investigations on Anticancer and Antimalarial Activities of Indole-Sulfonamide Derivatives and In Silico Studies","volume":"6","author":"Pingaew","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2022.133885","article-title":"Synthesis, in vitro, in silico and DFT studies of indole curcumin derivatives as potential anticancer agents","volume":"1270","author":"Parthiban","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Budovska, M., Michalkova, R., Kello, M., Vaskova, J., and Mojzis, J. (2023). Design, Synthesis and Antiproliferative Evaluation of Bis-Indole Derivatives with a Phenyl Linker: Focus on Autophagy. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28010251"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.1002\/cjoc.202100255","article-title":"Racemic Bisindole Alkaloids: Structure, Bioactivity, and Computational Study","volume":"39","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_182","first-page":"100076","article-title":"Synthesis and biological activity of bisindole derivatives as novel MARK4 inhibitors","volume":"6","author":"Voura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem. Rep."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jics.2023.101028","article-title":"Synthesis of a bisindole enyne with anticancer properties","volume":"100","author":"Midya","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ind. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_184","first-page":"100606","article-title":"A review on biological and medicinal impact of heterocyclic compounds","volume":"4","author":"Kabir","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res. Chem."},{"key":"ref_185","first-page":"287","article-title":"Indole as a Core Anti-Inflammatory Agent-A Mini Review","volume":"2","author":"Hemalatha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Sci. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1021\/np4005536","article-title":"Bisindole Alkaloids with Neural Anti-inflammatory Activity from Gelsemium elegans","volume":"76","author":"Qu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_187","first-page":"267","article-title":"Synthesis, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of bis(indole)methanes","volume":"48B","author":"Sujatha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ind. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s12192-022-01282-0","article-title":"Antioxidant effects of bis-indole alkaloid indigo and related signaling pathways in the experimental model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"27","author":"Mizobuti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chap."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174357","article-title":"Bisindole compound 4ae ameliorated cognitive impairment in rats with vascular dementia by anti-inflammation effect via microglia cells","volume":"908","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shim, K.-H., Kim, S.-H., Hur, J., Kim, D.-H., DEmirev, A.V., and Yoon, S.Y. (2019). Small-molecule drug screening identifies drug Ro 31\u20138220 that reduces toxic phosphorylated tau in Drosophila melanogaster. Neurobiol. Dis., 130.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2019.104519"},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1039\/c2md20076g","article-title":"Total synthesis and anti-cholinesterase activity of marine-derived bis-indole alkaloid fascaplysin","volume":"3","author":"Bharate","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, Q., Liu, F., Sang, J., Lin, M., Ma, J., Xiao, X., Yan, S., Naman, C.B., Wang, N., and He, S. (2019). 9-Methylfascaplysin Is a More Potent A\u03b2 Aggregation Inhibitor than the Marine-Derived Alkaloid, Fascaplysin, and Produces Nanomolar Neuroprotective Effects in SH-SY5Y Cells. Mar. Drugs, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/md17020121"},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4741","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.9b00503","article-title":"Fascaplysin Derivatives Are Potent Multitarget Agents against Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: In Vitro and in Vivo Evidence","volume":"10","author":"Pan","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Angelova, V.T., Georgiev, B., Pencheva, T., Pajeva, I., Rangelov, M., Todorova, N., Zheleva-Dimitrova, D., Kalcheva-Yovkova, E., Valkova, I.V., and Vassilev, N. (2023). Design, Synthesis, In Silico Studies and In Vitro Evaluation of New Indole- and\/or Donepezil-like Hybrids as Multitarget-Directed Agents for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Pharmaceuticals, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16091194"},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9369","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.1c06344","article-title":"Design, Synthesis, and Bioevaluation of Indole Core Containing 2-Arylidine Derivatives of Thiazolopyrimidine as Multitarget Inhibitors of Cholinesterases and Monoamine Oxidase A\/B for the Treatment of Alzheimer Disease","volume":"7","author":"Nadeem","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barresi, E., Baglini, E., Poggetti, V., Castagnoli, J., Giorgini, D., Salerno, S., Taliani, S., and Da Settimo, F. (2024). Indole-Based Compounds in the Development of Anti-Neurodegenerative Agents. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29092127"},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-023-03562-9","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species, toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: Chronic diseases and aging","volume":"97","author":"Jomova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2010.07.059","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of unexplored indole derivatives: Synthesis and screening","volume":"45","author":"Carvalho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2013.07.004","article-title":"Synthesis and antioxidant activity of new C-3 sulfenyl indoles","volume":"54","author":"Silveira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2021.113665","article-title":"Research progress of indole compounds with potential antidiabetic activity","volume":"223","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57530","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA11111D","article-title":"Insulin-mimetic and anti-inflammatory potential of a vanadyl-Schiff base complex for its application against diabetes","volume":"6","author":"Ki","year":"2016","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2017.07.009","article-title":"Synthesis, a-glucosidase inhibitory activity and in silico study of tris-indole hybrid scaffold with oxadiazole ring: As potential leads for the management of type-II diabetes mellitus","volume":"74","author":"Taha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2012.10.038","article-title":"Synthesis of novel mono and bis-indole conduritol derivatives and their a\/b-glycosidase inhibitory effects","volume":"22","author":"Talaz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2017.05.006","article-title":"Discovery of 3, 3-di(indolyl)indolin-2-one as a novel scaffold for aglucosidase inhibitors: In silico studies and SAR predictions","volume":"72","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mayati, A., Bruyere, A., Moreau, A., Jouan, E., Denizot, C., Parmentier, Y., and Fardel, O. (2015). Protein kinase C-independent inhibition of organic cation transporter 1 activity by the bisindolylmaleimide ro 31-8220. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144667"},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3987\/COM-19-14118","article-title":"Syntheses of indirubins by aldol condensation of isatins with indoxyl anion generated in situ by lipase-catalyzed deacetylation of indoxyl acetate","volume":"100","author":"Sugai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heterocycles"},{"key":"ref_207","first-page":"1552","article-title":"Indirubin promotes adipocyte differentiation and reduces lipid accumulation in 3T3L1 cells via peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor gamma activation","volume":"21","author":"Konno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmgm.2016.03.001","article-title":"Docking and ADMET prediction of few GSK-3 inhibitors divulges 6-bromoindirubin-3-oxime as a potential inhibitor","volume":"65","author":"Nisha","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mol. Graph. Model."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1039\/D4NP00012A","article-title":"Advances in the Total Synthesis of Bis- and Tris-Indole Alkaloids Containing N-Heterocyclic Linker Moieties","volume":"41","author":"Dvorak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Z.-L., Xu, H.-N., Gong, C.-M., Li, Y.-Z., Li, Y.-M., Song, X.-M., Wang, R., and Zhang, D.-D. (2024). The Sources, Structures and Cytotoxicity of Animal-Derived Bisindole Compounds. Chem. Biodivers., 21.","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202401165"},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2882","DOI":"10.1039\/C4OB00460D","article-title":"Synthesis and Biological Activity of Novel Bis-Indole Inhibitors of Bacterial Transcription Initiation Complex Formation","volume":"12","author":"Mielczarek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Org. Biomol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2864","DOI":"10.1021\/ja1116974","article-title":"Biomimetic Total Syntheses of Flinderoles B and C","volume":"133","author":"Dethe","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.4c00129","article-title":"Total Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Marine Tris-Indole Alkaloid Tulongicin A","volume":"87","author":"Tsuruda","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1007\/s11224-018-1224-z","article-title":"Portraying the selectivity of GSK-3 inhibitors towards CDK-2 by 3D similarity and molecular docking","volume":"30","author":"Pacureanu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Struct. Chem."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3247","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S419239","article-title":"Pharmacological Methods of Pain Management: Narrative Review of Medication Used","volume":"16","author":"Alorfi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Gen. Med."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-0285.2009.00849.x","article-title":"Synthesis and SAR Study of Opioid Receptor Ligands: Mono- and Bis-Indolomorphinans","volume":"74","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Drug Des."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pp.45.060194.002101","article-title":"The role of carbonic anhydrase in photosynthesis","volume":"45","author":"Badger","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonardi, A., Nocentini, A., de Luca, V., Capasso, C., Elkaeed, E.B., Eldehna, W.M., and Supuran, C.T. (2024). Hydrogen Sulfide-Releasing Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Effectively Suppress Cancer Cell Growth. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251810006"},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2016.07.011","article-title":"Synthesis of novel bisindolylmethanes: New carbonic anhydrase II inhibitors, docking, and 3D pharmacophore studies","volume":"68","author":"Imran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioorg. Chem."}],"container-title":["Antibiotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/13\/12\/1212\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:54:36Z","timestamp":1760115276000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/13\/12\/1212"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"references-count":219,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["antibiotics13121212"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics13121212","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-6382"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-6382","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]}}}