{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:56:07Z","timestamp":1792803367493,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Clinical Research Plan of SHDC","award":["SHDC2020CR1043B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHDC2020CR1043B"]}]},{"name":"Clinical Research Plan of SHDC","award":["2020-015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-015"]}]},{"name":"Clinical Research Plan of SHDC","award":["XHLHGG202104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XHLHGG202104"]}]},{"name":"Project of Shanghai Xuhui District Science and Technology","award":["SHDC2020CR1043B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHDC2020CR1043B"]}]},{"name":"Project of Shanghai Xuhui District Science and Technology","award":["2020-015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-015"]}]},{"name":"Project of Shanghai Xuhui District Science and Technology","award":["XHLHGG202104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XHLHGG202104"]}]},{"name":"Young Clinical Scientist Training Program at Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University","award":["SHDC2020CR1043B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHDC2020CR1043B"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01zntxs11","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Young Clinical Scientist Training Program at Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University","award":["2020-015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-015"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01zntxs11","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Young Clinical Scientist Training Program at Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University","award":["XHLHGG202104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XHLHGG202104"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01zntxs11","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: This study aimed to investigate the etiology, pathogens, antibiotic susceptibility, treatments, and factors influencing the visual prognosis of pediatric post-traumatic endophthalmitis (PTE) to provide valuable insights for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Results: A total of 301 children were included, with 142 (47.2%) cultures yielding positive results. Gram-positive cocci were the predominant pathogens (71.1%), with high sensitivity to vancomycin (95.4%). Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) was performed in 216 eyes (71.8%), with emergency or immediate vitrectomy within 24 h of hospitalization performed on 171 eyes (56.8%). The first intravitreal antibiotic injection, consisting of ceftazidime and norvancomycin, was administered to 248 patients (82.4%). The absence of retinal detachment (OR, 0.191; 95% CI, 0.065\u20130.560; p = 0.002), normal intraocular pressure (OR, 1.894; 95% CI, 1.151\u20133.117; p = 0.012), and no lens extraction (OR, 0.187; 95% CI, 0.069\u20130.504; p &lt; 0.001) were found to be independent factors associated with better visual outcomes (BCVA) in pediatric PTE patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on pediatric PTE patients treated between January 2012 and June 2022. Data were collected on clinical characteristics, causative pathogens, antibiotic sensitivity, treatments, and visual outcomes. Conclusions: Gram-positive cocci are the most common pathogens in pediatric PTE, with early vitrectomy and intravitreal ceftazidime and norvancomycin being the most effective treatments. Favorable visual outcomes are strongly associated with the absence of retinal detachment, normal intraocular pressure, and no lens extraction. These findings highlight the need for timely surgical and antimicrobial interventions tailored to each patient to improve visual prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14010020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T06:05:10Z","timestamp":1735797910000},"page":"20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Clinical Characteristics, Pathogen Distribution, and Factors Affecting Visual Outcomes of Pediatric Post-Traumatic Endophthalmitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6385-7421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoxia","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4600-8175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yibin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University)\u2014Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai 200031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuwen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zimei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, BronxCare Health System, Bronx, NY 10456, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Boost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4185-7732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taomin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3465-1579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingtao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University)\u2014Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai 200031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2003.09.041","article-title":"Post-traumatic endophthalmitis","volume":"111","author":"Essex","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2016.9","article-title":"Post-traumatic endophthalmitis in 143 eyes of children and adolescents from India","volume":"30","author":"Rishi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s12348-021-00254-2","article-title":"Risk factors and outcomes of post-traumatic endophthalmitis: A retrospective single-center study","volume":"11","author":"Watanachai","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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