{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T22:23:43Z","timestamp":1790029423787,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The lack of available treatments in pediatric non-cystic fibrosis (non-CF) bronchiectasis is a major concern, especially in the context of the increasing disease burden due to better detection rates with advanced imaging techniques. Recurrent infections in these patients are the main cause of deterioration, leading to impaired lung function and increasing the risk of morbidity and mortality. Since pediatric non-CF bronchiectasis with early recognition and appropriate treatment can be reversible, optimal management is an issue of growing significance. The use of inhaled antibiotics as a treatment option, although a standard of care for CF patients, has been poorly studied in patients with non-CF bronchiectasis, especially in children. In this review, we present the current data on the potential use of inhaled antibiotics in the treatment of non-CF bronchiectasis and assess their safety and efficacy profile, focusing mainly on children. We conclude that inhaled antibiotics as an adjuvant maintenance treatment option could be tried in a subgroup of patients with frequent exacerbations and recent or chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection as they appear to have beneficial effects on exacerbation rate and bacterial load with minimal safety concerns. However, the level of evidence in children is extremely low; therefore, further research is needed on the validity of this recommendation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14020165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T04:00:28Z","timestamp":1738900828000},"page":"165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Utilization of Inhaled Antibiotics in Pediatric Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis: A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5412-7361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Tsouprou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Unit, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, \u201cAttikon\u201d University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, 1st Pediatric Clinic, Agia Sofia Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Despoina","family":"Koumpagioti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital \u201cPanagiotis & Aglaia Kyriakou\u201d, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4615-9810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evanthia","family":"Botsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, 1st Pediatric Clinic, Agia Sofia Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7632-1159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Douros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Unit, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, \u201cAttikon\u201d University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4862-3587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dafni","family":"Moriki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Unit, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, \u201cAttikon\u201d University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210105","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.0105-2021","article-title":"Management of children and adolescents with bronchiectasis: Summary of the ERS clinical practice guideline","volume":"17","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Breathe"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0720-048X(02)00122-5","article-title":"Reversible bronchial dilatation in children: Comparison of serial high-resolution computer tomography scans of the lungs","volume":"47","author":"Gaillard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. 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