{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T04:25:52Z","timestamp":1788323152085,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]],"date-time":"2025-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica\u2014Fondo para la investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","award":["2020-3500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-3500"]}]},{"name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica\u2014Fondo para la investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","award":["2020-1782"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-1782"]}]},{"name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica\u2014Fondo para la investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","award":["33620230100153CB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["33620230100153CB"]}]},{"name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica\u2014Fondo para la investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","award":["101007804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101007804"]}]},{"name":"Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba","award":["2020-3500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-3500"]}]},{"name":"Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba","award":["2020-1782"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-1782"]}]},{"name":"Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba","award":["33620230100153CB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["33620230100153CB"]}]},{"name":"Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba","award":["101007804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101007804"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research","award":["2020-3500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-3500"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research","award":["2020-1782"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-1782"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research","award":["33620230100153CB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["33620230100153CB"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research","award":["101007804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101007804"]}]},{"name":"RISE Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie","award":["2020-3500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-3500"]}]},{"name":"RISE Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie","award":["2020-1782"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-1782"]}]},{"name":"RISE Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie","award":["33620230100153CB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["33620230100153CB"]}]},{"name":"RISE Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie","award":["101007804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101007804"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Pulmonary delivered tobramycin (TOB) is a standard treatment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections, that, along with Staphylococcus aureus, is one of the most common bacteria causing recurring infections in CF patients. However, the only available formulation on the market containing tobramycin, TOBI\u00ae, is sold at a price that makes the access to the treatment difficult. Therefore, this work focuses on the development and characterization of an ionic complex between a polyelectrolyte, hyaluronic acid (HA) and its salt, sodium hyaluronate (NaHA), and TOB to be formulated as an inhalable dry powder. Methods: The solid state complex obtained by spray drying technique was physicochemically characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction, confirming an ionic interaction for both complexes. Results: The powder density, geometric size, and morphology along with the aerodynamic performance showed suitable properties for the powder formulations to reach the deep lung. Moisture uptake was found to be low, with the complex HA-TOB remaining physicochemically unchanged, while the NaHA-TOB required significant protection against humidity. The biopharmaceutical in vitro experiments showed a rapid dissolution which can have a positively impact in reducing side effects, while the drug release study demonstrated a reversible polyelectrolyte\u2013drug interaction. Microbiological experiments against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus showed improved bacterial growth inhibition and bactericidal efficacy, as well as better inhibition and eradication of biofilms when compared with to TOB. Conclusions: A simple polyelectrolyte-drug complex technique represents a promising strategy for the development of antimicrobial dry powder formulations for pulmonary delivery in the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14020169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T04:44:03Z","timestamp":1739162643000},"page":"169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Polyelectrolyte Complex Dry Powder Formulations of Tobramycin with Hyaluronic Acid and Sodium Hyaluronate for Inhalation Therapy in Cystic Fibrosis-Associated Infections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yanina","family":"de Lafuente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Farmac\u00e9uticas, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba (UNC), C\u00f3rdoba X5000HUA, Argentina"},{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo en Tecnolog\u00eda Farmac\u00e9utica (UNITEFA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET-UNC), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, C\u00f3rdoba X5000HUA, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0215-2350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eride","family":"Quarta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Drug Science, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 27\/A, 43124 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8482-4144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda S.","family":"Magi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Farmac\u00e9uticas, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba (UNC), C\u00f3rdoba X5000HUA, Argentina"},{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo en Tecnolog\u00eda Farmac\u00e9utica (UNITEFA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET-UNC), Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, C\u00f3rdoba X5000HUA, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana L.","family":"Apas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Farmac\u00e9uticas, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba (UNC), C\u00f3rdoba X5000HUA, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Pagani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Farmac\u00e9uticas, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba (UNC), C\u00f3rdoba X5000HUA, Argentina"},{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo en Tecnolog\u00eda Farmac\u00e9utica (UNITEFA), Consejo Nacional 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