{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T19:22:43Z","timestamp":1790882563540,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CNPq\/MCTI\/CT\u2014Health\u2014Actions in Science, Technology and Innovation to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance","award":["52\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52\/2022"]}]},{"name":"CNPq\/MCTI\/CT\u2014Health\u2014Actions in Science, Technology and Innovation to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance","award":["PID2022-136354-NBI00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-136354-NBI00"]}]},{"name":"CNPq\/MCTI\/CT\u2014Health\u2014Actions in Science, Technology and Innovation to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance","award":["PID2022-136354-NBI00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-136354-NBI00"]}]},{"name":"MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033","award":["52\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52\/2022"]}]},{"name":"MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033","award":["PID2022-136354-NBI00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-136354-NBI00"]}]},{"name":"MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033","award":["PID2022-136354-NBI00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-136354-NBI00"]}]},{"name":"ERDF\u2014\u2018A way of making Europe\u2019","award":["52\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52\/2022"]}]},{"name":"ERDF\u2014\u2018A way of making Europe\u2019","award":["PID2022-136354-NBI00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-136354-NBI00"]}]},{"name":"ERDF\u2014\u2018A way of making Europe\u2019","award":["PID2022-136354-NBI00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-136354-NBI00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Mixed bloodstream infections associated with central venous catheter (CVC) use are a growing problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of a cationic arginine-based gemini surfactant, C9(LA)2, against mixed biofilms of fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli, and the preventive effect of this surfactant impregnated in CVCs on the formation of inter-kingdom biofilms. Methods: Broth microdilution assays were performed along with evaluation of the effect against mixed biofilms in formation. The impregnation of CVCs with the surfactant and with a hydrogel containing the cationic surfactant was investigated to assess their potential to prevent the formation of mixed biofilms. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also utilized. Results: Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for resistant C. albicans ranged from 4\u20135.3 \u00b5g\/mL, while for E. coli, the MICs varied from 85.3 to 298.7 \u00b5g\/mL. Fungicidal and bactericidal action patterns were obtained. In mixed biofilm formation in 96-well plates, there was a significant reduction in the colony-forming unit (CFU) count. The impregnation of the CVC with C9(LA)2 alone resulted in a biofilm reduction of 62% versus C. albicans and 48.7% against E. coli in terms of CFUs. When the CVC was impregnated with the surfactant hydrogel, the effect was improved with an inhibition of 71.7% for C. albicans and 86.7% for E. coli. The images obtained by SEM corroborated the results. Conclusions: C9(LA)2 has potential for use in CVC impregnation to prevent the formation of mixed biofilms of fluconazole-resistant C. albicans and ESBL-producing E. coli.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14030227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T06:47:17Z","timestamp":1740379637000},"page":"227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Preventive Activity of an Arginine-Based Surfactant on the Formation of Mixed Biofilms of Fluconazole-Resistant Candida albicans and Extended-Spectrum-Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli on Central Venous Catheters"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3696-021X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lourdes","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, Instituto de Qu\u00edmica Avanzada de Catalu\u00f1a, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Qu\u00edmicas (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cec\u00edlia Rocha","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60020-181, Brazil"},{"name":"Center of Drug Research and Development, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60020-181, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0619-2782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00edvia Gurgel","family":"do Amaral Valente S\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60020-181, Brazil"},{"name":"Center of Drug Research and Development, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60020-181, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Batista de Andrade","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60020-181, Brazil"},{"name":"Center of Drug Research and Development, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60020-181, Brazil"},{"name":"Christus University Center (UNICHRISTUS), Fortaleza 60160-230, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6408-7200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vit\u00f3ria Pessoa de Farias","family":"Cabral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60020-181, Brazil"},{"name":"Center of Drug Research and Development, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60020-181, Brazil"},{"name":"Christus University Center (UNICHRISTUS), Fortaleza 60160-230, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8496-8243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Sampaio","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60020-181, Brazil"},{"name":"Center of Drug Research and Development, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60020-181, Brazil"},{"name":"Christus University Center (UNICHRISTUS), Fortaleza 60160-230, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara Elloyse Almeida","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60020-181, Brazil"},{"name":"Center of Drug Research and Development, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60020-181, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7613-5671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Janielly Castelo Branco","family":"Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60020-181, Brazil"},{"name":"Center of Drug Research and Development, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60020-181, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thais Lima","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60020-181, Brazil"},{"name":"Center of Drug Research and Development, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60020-181, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anderson Ramos","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, Instituto de Qu\u00edmica Avanzada de Catalu\u00f1a, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Qu\u00edmicas (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno Co\u00ealho","family":"Cavalcanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Drug Research and Development, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60020-181, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1849-5403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N\u00e1gila Maria Pontes Silva","family":"Ricardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polymer and Materials Innovation Laboratory (LABPIM), Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Sciences Center, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8130-2435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Alessandro Marinho","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polymer and Materials Innovation Laboratory (LABPIM), Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Sciences Center, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9lio Vitoriano Nobre","family":"J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60020-181, Brazil"},{"name":"Center of Drug Research and Development, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60020-181, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00682-4","article-title":"Tolerance and Resistance of Microbial Biofilms","volume":"20","author":"Ciofu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. 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