{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T17:14:21Z","timestamp":1793121261468,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) (India) under a Senior Research Fellowship (SRF)","award":["09\/303(0297)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09\/303(0297)"]}]},{"name":"Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) (India) under a Senior Research Fellowship (SRF)","award":["2019-EMR-I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-EMR-I"]}]},{"name":"Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) (India) under a Senior Research Fellowship (SRF)","award":["IXX11884"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IXX11884"]}]},{"name":"Indian Council of Agricultural Research","award":["09\/303(0297)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09\/303(0297)"]}]},{"name":"Indian Council of Agricultural Research","award":["2019-EMR-I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-EMR-I"]}]},{"name":"Indian Council of Agricultural Research","award":["IXX11884"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IXX11884"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Motile aeromonads are ubiquitous aquatic Gram-negative opportunistic pathogens with environmental, animal, aquatic, and human health implications. Methods: Motile aeromonads were isolated from village pond water samples (n = 100) of the Hisar district of Haryana state in India. Selective isolation and enumeration were followed by biochemical and genotypic identification using gyrB gene; evaluation of seven putative virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance studies and determination of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC beta lactamase (ACBL) enzyme-producing abilities took place. Results: The viable counts of motile aeromonads varied from 1.6 \u00d7 102 CFU\/mL to 1.2 \u00d7 108 CFU\/mL. Six species of Aeromonas were identified with high prevalence of A. veronii (74.7%), followed by A. caviae (8.9%), A. hydrophila (7.6), A. jandaei (5%), A. sobria (2.5%), and A. dhakensis (1.3%). PCR amplification of seven genes related to virulence indicated that the majority of the isolates were positive for enolase (eno, 98%), cytotoxic enterotoxin (act, 88%), and hemolysin (asa1, 86%). Many isolates were also positive for type III secretion system inner membrane component (ascV, 53%), ADP-ribosylating toxin (aexT, 47%), and extracellular hemolysin (ahh1, 4%). The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile of the isolated Aeromonas isolates indicated the high resistance observed to nalidixic acid (40.2%), cefoxitin (33%), and imipenem (6.2%). In addition, the occurrence of 10.3% ESBL, 32% ACBL, and 29.9% multi-drug resistant (MDR) isolates is alarming. Phylogenetic analysis of gyrB sequences of A. veronii isolates (n = 59) together with GenBank sequences of A. veronii from different geographical regions of the world indicated high genotypic diversity. Conclusions: the village aquaculture ponds in Hisar district have a high occurrence of MDR A. veronii, A. hydrophila, and A. caviae, posing significant animal and public health concern.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14030294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T07:31:42Z","timestamp":1741764702000},"page":"294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Aeromonas Species Diversity, Virulence Characteristics, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Village Freshwater Aquaculture Ponds in North India"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Alka","family":"Nokhwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar 125 001, (Haryana), India"},{"name":"Department of Zoology and Aquaculture, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhury Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, (Haryana), India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajesh Kumar","family":"Vaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar 125 001, (Haryana), India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taruna","family":"Anand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar 125 001, (Haryana), India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravikant","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology and Aquaculture, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhury Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, (Haryana), India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachna","family":"Gulati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology and Aquaculture, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhury Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, (Haryana), India"},{"name":"College of Fisheries Science, Chaudhury Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 001, (Haryana), India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.6.2348-2357.2003","article-title":"The genus Aeromonas: Biochemical characteristics, atypical reactions, and phenotypic identification schemes","volume":"41","author":"Abbott","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. 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