{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T16:34:35Z","timestamp":1783960475687,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"BMBF","award":["FKZ 13N15772"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FKZ 13N15772"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are one of the leading causes of antibiotic-resistant infections in the hospital setting worldwide, and this has become a major issue, because most patients infected with this strain are difficult to treat. Multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) is an advantageous technique that can amplify multiple targets in a single reaction, and can be used to quickly detect specific targets in VRE within two hours, starting from suspected colonies of bacterial cultures, without sample preparation. Methods: In this study, we selected the glycopeptide\/vancomycin resistance genes that are most common in clinical settings, vanA and vanB, in combination with the species markers ddl_faecium and ddl_faecalis for the most common VRE species\u2014Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis. Results: DNA from forty clinical VRE strains was prepared using a fast and economic heat lysis method, and a multiplex real-time PCR assay was optimized and carried out subsequently. The results were in concordance with the results from recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) of the same VRE samples. Conclusions: Multiplex RT PCR and RPA for VRE detection proffers a second method for the confirmation of vancomycin resistance, and it can be developed as a fast screening assay for patients before admission into high-risk settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14030295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T10:45:06Z","timestamp":1741776306000},"page":"295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Multiplex Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction and Recombinase Polymerase Amplification: Methods for Quick and Cost-Effective Detection of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8294-6563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibukun Elizabeth","family":"Osadare","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Member Research Alliance Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), 07745 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdinasir","family":"Abdilahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Member Research Alliance Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), 07745 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Reinicke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Member Research Alliance Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), 07745 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celia","family":"Diezel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Member Research Alliance Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), 07745 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9596-7502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian","family":"Collatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Member Research Alliance Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), 07745 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annett","family":"Reissig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Member Research Alliance Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), 07745 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4368-8709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Monecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Member Research Alliance Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), 07745 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6612-0043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralf","family":"Ehricht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Member Research Alliance Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), 07745 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1179\/2047773215Y.0000000030","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: A global multifaceted phenomenon","volume":"109","author":"Prestinaci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pathog. 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