{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T12:49:10Z","timestamp":1780663750782,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The aim of the present study is to report an outbreak of bloodstream infections caused by Serratia marcescens in patients undergoing postoperational procedures in the Cardiothoracic Department and to describe the epidemiological investigations and control measures undertaken. A cluster of bacteremia due to Serratia marcescens was identified in blood cultures from postoperative patients in the Cardiothoracic Surgery Department in November 2023. Methods: Active surveillance by the hospital\u2019s prevention and control team was initiated. Interviews with nurses and sanitary personnel and reviews of the most common procedures, such as hand washing, bladder catheterization, and intravenous catheter care, were performed. Culturing samples from hospital personnel, postoperative patients, and the environment, including pressure transducers, tap water, soap, therapeutic solutions, antiseptics, respirators, and various intravenous preparations, were drawn up. Overall, 225 samples were collected, including 149 blood cultures, and these were all sent to the Hospital\u2019s Microbiology Laboratory. Results: Twenty-three out of forty-seven postoperative patients had positive blood cultures for Serratia marcescens. All the postoperative patients involved in the outbreak received cefepime according to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Three pre-prepared flushing syringes were found to be positive for Serratia marcescens as well. The Cardiothoracic Department was kept under surveillance with hand hygiene measures, infusion preparation, medical device use, and cleaning procedures reviewed by the infection\u2019s prevention and control team. Conclusions: Undoubtedly, nosocomial outbreaks represent an important health issue regarding morbidity, mortality, and costs. Timely interventions by the hospital\u2019s infection prevention and control team may be life-saving under these circumstances.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14030319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T12:03:06Z","timestamp":1742299386000},"page":"319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An Outbreak of Serratia marcescens in a Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit Associated with an Infected Solution of Pre-Prepared Syringes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8768-9864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Papagianni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fifth Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Unit, Evangelismos General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9937-1844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleni","family":"Mylona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fifth Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Unit, Evangelismos General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Kostourou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Prevention Unit, Evangelismos General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chrysoula","family":"Kolokotroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Prevention Unit, Evangelismos General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4338-4879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitris","family":"Kounatidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Center, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3874-5393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia G.","family":"Vallianou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine, Sismanogleio General Hospital, 15126 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasileios","family":"Papastamopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fifth Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Unit, Evangelismos General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5575","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.001485","article-title":"Genome-based phylogeny and taxonomy of the \u2018Enterobacteriales\u2019: Proposal for Enterobacterales ord. divided into the families Enterobacteriaceae, Erwiniaceae fam., Pectobacteriaceae fam., Yersiniaceae fam., Hafniaceae fam., Morganellaceae fam., and Budviciaceae fam","volume":"66","author":"Adeolu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14399","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.14399","article-title":"Serratia marcescens antibiotic resistance mechanisms of an opportunistic pathogen: A literature review","volume":"11","author":"Andrade","year":"2023","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.11.013","article-title":"A comprehensive analysis of the epidemiological and genomic characteristics of global Serratia marcescens","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, A.R., Park, G.S., Asaf, S., Hong, S.J., Jung, B.K., and Shin, J.H. (2017). Complete genome analysis of Serratia marcescens RSC-14: A plant growth-promoting bacterium that alleviates cadmium stress in host plants. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171534"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"2400144","article-title":"Genomic epidemiological analysis of a single-centre polyclonal outbreak of Serratia marcescens, Belgium, 2022 to 2023","volume":"29","author":"Xavier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1951.03810100045004","article-title":"Infection due to chromobacteria; report of 11 cases","volume":"88","author":"Wheat","year":"1951","journal-title":"AMA Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-010-0064-6","article-title":"Worldwide Outbreak Database: The largest collection of nosocomial outbreaks","volume":"39","author":"Vonberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention Control (ECDC) (2025, February 26). Healthcare-Associated Infections Acquired in Intensive Care Units. ECDC Annual Epidemiological Report for 2018. Stockholm: ECDC. Available online: https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/healthcare-associated-infections-intensive-care-units-annual-report-2018."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2022.03.008","article-title":"In-use contamination of a hospitalgrade disinfectant","volume":"50","author":"Boyce","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Infect. Control"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4217","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00138-07","article-title":"Outbreaks associated with contaminated antiseptics and disinfectants","volume":"51","author":"Weber","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-004-0342-2","article-title":"Experimental confirmation of Serratia marcescens contamination in multiple-dose vials of heparin-saline solution","volume":"10","author":"Marumo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Infect. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2004.189","article-title":"A nosocomial outbreak of febrile bloodstream infection caused by heparinized-saline contaminated with Serratia marcescens, Tokyo, 2002","volume":"57","author":"Tanaka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"e9002","article-title":"A complicated case of vertebral osteomyelitis by Serratia marcescens","volume":"12","author":"Rana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1097\/IPC.0000000000000614","article-title":"Serratia marcescens infectious endocarditis injection drug use, left-sided heart disease, and poor outcomes","volume":"26","author":"Schecter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"347652","article-title":"Severe osteomyelitis and septic arthritis due to Serratia marcescens in an immunocompetent patient","volume":"2015","author":"Hadid","year":"2015","journal-title":"Case Rep. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2020.1846060","article-title":"Serratia Marcescens Endophthalmitis and Bacteraemia following Complicated Cataract Surgery","volume":"30","author":"Bhikoo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2012.07.006","article-title":"Serratia marcescens meningitis: Epidemiology, prognostic factors and treatment outcomes","volume":"46","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cosimato, I., Santella, B., Rufolo, S., Sabatini, P., Galdiero, M., Capunzo, M., Boccia, G., Folliero, V., and Franci, G. (2024). Current Epidemiological Status and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Serratia marcescens. Antibiotics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13040323"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2008.04.001","article-title":"Multifactorial origin of high incidence of Serratia marcescens in a cardio-thoracic ICU: Analysis of risk factors and epidemiological characteristics","volume":"56","author":"Salomons","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-020-00725-6","article-title":"Outbreak investigation of Serratia marcescens neurosurgical site infections associated with contaminated shaving razors","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2018.10.014","article-title":"Serratia marcescens sepsis outbreak caused by contaminated propofol","volume":"47","author":"Cilli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Infect. Control"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1086\/504445","article-title":"Acquisition of multidrug-resistant Serratia marcescens by critically ill patients who consumed tap water during receipt of oral medication","volume":"27","author":"Horcajada","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivz312","article-title":"Clinical study of an outbreak of postoperative mediastinitis caused by Serratia marcescens in adult cardiac surgery","volume":"30","author":"Adrio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Interact. Cardiovasc. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"243","article-title":"Serratia marcescens- a rare opportunistic nosocomial pathogen and measures to limit its spread in hospitalized patients","volume":"7","author":"Khanna","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8317","DOI":"10.1086\/507336","article-title":"Outbreak of Serratia marcescens infections following injection of betamethasone compounded at a community pharmacy","volume":"43","author":"Civen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1086\/647516","article-title":"Serratia marcescens outbreak associated with extrinsic contamination of 1% chlorxylenol soap","volume":"18","author":"Archibald","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1067\/mic.2001.117043","article-title":"An outbreak of Serratia marcescens associated with the anesthetic agent propofol","volume":"29","author":"Henry","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Infect. Control"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012370","article-title":"Serratia marcescens bacteremia traced to an infused narcotic","volume":"346","author":"Ostrowsky","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2021.08.009","article-title":"The global population structure and beta-lactamase repertoire of the opportunistic pathogen Serratia marcescens","volume":"113","author":"Matteoli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2017.137","article-title":"Serratia marcescens Bacteremia: Nosocomial Cluster Following Narcotic Diversion","volume":"38","author":"Schuppener","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cristina, M.L., Sartini, M., and Spagnolo, A.M. (2019). Serratia marcescens Infections in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health., 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16040610"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aracil-Gisbert, S., Fern\u00e1ndez-De-Bobadilla, M.D., Guerra-Pinto, N., Serrano-Calleja, S., P\u00e9rez-Cobas, A.E., Soriano, C., de Pablo, R., Lanza, V.F., P\u00e9rez-Viso, B., and Reuters, S. (2024). The ICU environment contributes to the endemicity of the \u201cSerratia marcescens complex\u201d in the hospital setting. Mbio, 15.","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.03054-23"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.05.006","article-title":"Rapid management of Serratia marcescens outbreak in neonatology unit in Singapore: Risk factors and infection control measures","volume":"52","author":"Arora","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Infect. Control"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.12.025","article-title":"Investigation of Serratia marcescens surgical site infection outbreak associated with peroperative ultrasonography probe","volume":"111","author":"Mouet","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2023.09.013","article-title":"Genomic epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of Serratia marcescens neurosurgical site infections associated with contaminated haircutting toolkits in a hospital barber shop","volume":"142","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"624","article-title":"Serratia marcescens outbreak due to contaminated 2% aqueous chlorhexidine","volume":"35","author":"Arias","year":"2017","journal-title":"Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2013.02.012","article-title":"Outbreak of Serratia marcescens postsurgical bloodstream infection due to contaminated intravenous pain control fluids","volume":"17","author":"Chiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2010.06.003","article-title":"Outbreak of severe sepsis due to contaminated propofol: Lessons to learn","volume":"76","author":"Muller","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(93)90143-N","article-title":"An outbreak of Serratia marcescens traced to a contaminated bronchoscope","volume":"23","author":"Baars","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/QMH.0000000000000078","article-title":"A Hospital-wide Outbreak of Serratia marcescens, and Ishikawa\u2019s \u201cFishbone\u201d Analysis to Support Outbreak Control","volume":"25","author":"Vetter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Qual. Manag. Healthc."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1086\/520741","article-title":"Outbreak of Acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia related to contaminated morphine used for patient-controlled analgesia","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.1.1-4.2002","article-title":"Hunting health care-associated infections from the clinical microbiology laboratory: Passive, active, and virtual surveillance","volume":"40","author":"Peterson","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofaf085","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaf085","article-title":"Infective Endocarditis Caused by Non-HACEK Gram-Negative Bacteria, a Registry-Based Comparative Study","volume":"12","author":"Sunnerhagen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"214","article-title":"Using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in the molecular investigation of an outbreak of Serratia marcescens infection in an intensive care unit","volume":"45","author":"Alfizah","year":"2004","journal-title":"Singap. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1991.03460080051031","article-title":"Nosocomial Pseudomonas pickettii bacteremias traced to narcotic tampering. A case for selective drug screening of health care personnel","volume":"265","author":"Maki","year":"1991","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.290","article-title":"Serratia in Prefilled Syringes Investigation Team Group. Multistate outbreak of Serratia marcescens bloodstream infections caused by contamination of prefilled heparin and isotonic sodium chloride solution syringes","volume":"169","author":"Blossom","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1556\/030.2024.02330","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance of Serratia marcescens causing blood stream infections in a large University Hospital in Bulgaria, an 8-year analysis (2016\u20132023)","volume":"71","author":"Radeva","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Microbiol. Et Immunol. Hung."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2010.08.020","article-title":"Serratia marcescens bacteremia because of contaminated prefilled heparin and saline syringes: A multi-state report","volume":"39","author":"Chemaly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Infect. Control"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2010.10.003","article-title":"Outbreak of Serratia marcescens infection due to contamination of multiple-dose vial of heparin-saline solution used to flush deep venous catheters or peripheral trocars","volume":"77","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1086\/597383","article-title":"Epidemiologic investigation of a 2007 outbreak of Serratia marcescens bloodstream infection in Texas caused by contamination of syringes prefilled with heparin and saline","volume":"30","author":"Su","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00017-11","article-title":"Serratia infections: From military experiments to current practice","volume":"24","author":"Mahlen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2300492","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.26.2300492","article-title":"Nosocomial outbreak caused by disinfectant-resistant Serratia marcescens in an adult intensive care unit, Hungary, February to March 2022","volume":"29","author":"Hanczvikkel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2400291","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.5.2400291","article-title":"A national outbreak of Serratia marcescens complex: Investigation reveals genomic population structure but no source, Norway, June 2021 to February 2023","volume":"30","author":"Taxt","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.5414\/CP204652","article-title":"Antibiotic treatment of ceftriaxone-susceptible Serratia marcescens bacteremia: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study","volume":"63","author":"Mughrabi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00727-15","article-title":"Co-production of KPC-2 andMP-10 in Carbapenem-Resistant Serratia marcescens Isolates from an Outbreak in a Brazilian Teaching Hospital","volume":"53","author":"Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e200","DOI":"10.1017\/ash.2023.454","article-title":"Outbreak of extensively drug-resistant Serratia marcescens in an intensive care unit","volume":"3","author":"Vanni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Steward. Healthc. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2024.04.021","article-title":"Hospital water environment and antibiotic use: Key factors in a nosocomial outbreak of carbapenemase-producing Serratia marcescens","volume":"151","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800177","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.13.1800177","article-title":"Computer-assisted, high-frequency, hospital-wide point prevalence surveys of hospital-acquired infections in a tertiary care hospital, the Netherlands, 2013 to 2014","volume":"24","author":"Streefkerk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"}],"container-title":["Antibiotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/14\/3\/319\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:56:12Z","timestamp":1760028972000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/14\/3\/319"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["antibiotics14030319"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics14030319","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-6382"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-6382","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]}}}