{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:02:20Z","timestamp":1760058140204,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia","award":["200110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200110"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The rise of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) poses significant challenges to global health. This study reviews the experience of the largest pulmonology center in Serbia, a country with low MDR-TB incidence, focusing on TB prevalence, resistance detection, and treatment strategies between 2012 and 2021. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a total of 1239 patients who were diagnosed and treated for TB in the period from 2012 to 2021 at University Clinical Center of Serbia. Results: Drug resistance was identified in 21 patients (1.7%), with the highest resistance to rifampicin (1.4%) and isoniazid (1.3%). Pyrazinamide and streptomycin resistance were detected in only a few cases. Patients with resistant TB were younger on average, though the difference was not statistically significant (46.4 \u00b1 19.1 vs. 53.6 \u00b1 18.4, p = 0.079). Prior TB history was more frequent in the resistant group, almost reaching statistical significance (4 vs. 82, p = 0.052). Conclusions: These findings underscore the critical importance of sustained surveillance, particularly of latent and drug-resistant TB forms, in alignment with the World Health Organization\u2019s (WHO) TB control strategy to preserve Serbia\u2019s low-incidence status. Moreover, given Serbia\u2019s strategic location on a major migration route, there is an elevated risk of new TB cases emerging and potential shifts in TB-drug-resistance patterns developing in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14030320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T06:10:53Z","timestamp":1742364653000},"page":"320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluating Tuberculosis and Drug Resistance in Serbia: A Ten-Year Experience from a Tertiary Center"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1787-1438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihailo","family":"Stjepanovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1807-4571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Snjezana","family":"Mijatovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikola","family":"Nikolic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1103-5669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikola","family":"Maric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Goran","family":"Stevanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Soldatovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0132-2277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Barac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2021). 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