{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:04:34Z","timestamp":1760058274296,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: In the Aosta Valley, the alpine grazing system integrates livestock production and land management. Valdostana breeding has adapted to this mountainous region, but the spread of Staphylococcus aureus within pastures may impact animal health. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of S. aureus genotypes associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence profiles in four dairy herds in the Aosta Valley from July 2022 to August 2023. Methods: A total of 468 composite milk samples were collected at three timepoints: T1 (pasture-livestock system), T2 (farm-livestock system), and T3 (pasture-livestock system). S. aureus isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, ribosomal spacer (RS)-PCR, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), PCR analysis for 28 virulence genes and 6 AMR genes, and adlb-targeted real-time PCR. Results: RS-PCR analysis of 82 S. aureus strains revealed 12 genotypes (GT) in eight clusters (CL). The most prevalent variant was GTRI (61%), followed by GTB (15%). Resistance to penicillin was high (69%), with CLR strains showing 88% resistance, and 51% resistance to amoxicillin plus clavulanate. All strains were susceptible to cephalosporins and oxacillin. Macrolide resistance was low (4%), and multi-drug resistance was 6%. AMR gene presence corresponded with susceptibility, with blaZ detected in 94% of CLR strains. CLR strains also possessed genes for biofilm formation and virulence factors. Conclusions: This study highlights the presence of AMR and virulence factors in S. aureus strains from alpine grazing systems, underscoring the need for ongoing monitoring to mitigate risks to animal health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14040348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T04:36:48Z","timestamp":1743136608000},"page":"348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence of Variant GTRIStaphylococcus aureus Isolated from Dairy Cow Milk Samples in the Alpine Grazing System of the Aosta Valley and Its Association with AMR and Virulence Profiles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3991-3398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Monistero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy"},{"name":"Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive Degli Animali-MiLab, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9269-5353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delower","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy"},{"name":"Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive Degli Animali-MiLab, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8073-4968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Fusar Poli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy"},{"name":"Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive Degli Animali-MiLab, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1289-2902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth Sampaio","family":"de Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy"},{"name":"Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive Degli Animali-MiLab, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Inspe\u00e7\u00e3o de Carne e Leite, Departamento de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife 51171-900, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8239-5549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Cremonesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2326-6701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianca","family":"Castiglioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3901-2354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo","family":"Biscarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4065-0548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans Ulrich","family":"Graber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Microbial Systems, Microbiological Safety of Foods of Animal Origin Group, Agroscope, 3003 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Mochettaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Prevenzione AUSL Della Valle d\u2019Aosta, 11100 Aosta, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Ganio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Prevenzione AUSL Della Valle d\u2019Aosta, 11100 Aosta, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0322-4061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Gazzola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e Dell\u2019emilia-Romagna, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6934-7748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Filippa","family":"Addis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy"},{"name":"Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive Degli Animali-MiLab, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Roullet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Prevenzione AUSL Della Valle d\u2019Aosta, 11100 Aosta, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3108-8354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Barberio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3208-8508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Deotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Biasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, 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Italy"},{"name":"Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive Degli Animali-MiLab, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0974-3084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Moroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy"},{"name":"Laboratorio di Malattie Infettive Degli Animali-MiLab, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Pretolani, R., and Raffaelli, R. 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