{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:32:15Z","timestamp":1787027535874,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003569","name":"Ministry of Food and Drug Safety","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23194MFDS012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23194MFDS012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives:\u00a0Salmonella is a major cause of foodborne illnesses, with multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains posing significant threats to public health worldwide. This study investigated the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Salmonella, focusing on extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella in retail poultry meat in Korea. Methods: A total of 300 poultry meat samples were collected nationwide from retail markets. Multi-locus sequence typing, serotyping, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis was conducted against 28 representative ESBL-producing S. Infantis isolates to identify the genetic characteristics and phylogenetic relationship. Results: Salmonella was detected in 81.3% of raw poultry meat samples, with S. Infantis ST32 being the dominant serotype in chicken (53.0%) and S. Typhimurium ST19 predominant in duck (39.0%). MDR was identified in 58.2% of samples, with a significantly higher rate in chicken isolates than in duck isolates (p &lt; 0.001). Notably, 75.3% of chicken MDR isolates were ESBL-producing S. Infantis carrying blaCTX-M-65. WGS of 28 geographically and phenotypically representative ESBL-producing S. Infantis revealed five clonal clusters, suggesting the widespread dissemination of ESBL-producing S. Infantis across Korea\u2019s poultry supply chain. All 28 ESBL-producing S. Infantis isolates contained a pESI-like megaplasmid, carrying multiple resistance and virulence genes, with sequences highly identical to plasmids reported in the United States, indicating potential international transmission. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the urgent need for continuous surveillance and responsible antibiotic use in livestock under a One Health framework. WGS can provide an effective tool for tracking AMR evolution and clonal spread within and across regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14040366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T05:43:33Z","timestamp":1743572613000},"page":"366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Emergence and Clonal Spread of Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase-Producing Salmonella Infantis Carrying pESI Megaplasmids in Korean Retail Poultry Meat"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3231-6232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeona","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digital Anti-Aging and Healthcare, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5007-5612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyeonwoo","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miru","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1881-9703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amany","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA"},{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21944, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3253-8190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soo-Jin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong-Chan","family":"Chae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6177-0373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kun Taek","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digital Anti-Aging and Healthcare, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2018.2510","article-title":"Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella in Pork, Chicken, and Duck from Retail Markets of China","volume":"16","author":"Zeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog. 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