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0021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PUE 0021"]}]},{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas, CONICET","award":["UID\/50006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/50006"]}]},{"name":"PT national funds","award":["D702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D702"]}]},{"name":"PT national funds","award":["D708"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D708"]}]},{"name":"PT national funds","award":["D715"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D715"]}]},{"name":"PT national funds","award":["2018-02071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-02071"]}]},{"name":"PT national funds","award":["02514"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02514"]}]},{"name":"PT national funds","award":["PICT 2021-0060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT 2021-0060"]}]},{"name":"PT national funds","award":["PICT-2021-I-A-00439 I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT-2021-I-A-00439 I"]}]},{"name":"PT national funds","award":["PUE 0021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PUE 0021"]}]},{"name":"PT national funds","award":["UID\/50006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/50006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Wine pomace is a rich source of bioactive phenolic compounds with potential health benefits. This study aimed to evaluate the antipathogenic and antioxidant properties of ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts from wine pomace of three grape varietals (Tannat, Bonarda, and Malbec) to explore their potential as natural alternatives for mitigating bacterial virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods: Successive exhaustion extractions were performed using solvents of increasing polarity (ethyl acetate and ethanol). The phenolic content was quantified, and the antioxidant activity was evaluated using standard assays. The antipathogenic activity against P. aeruginosa was assessed by measuring biofilm formation, elastase and protease activity, pyocyanin production, and swarming motility. Quorum sensing (QS) inhibition was tested using a violacein production assay in Chromobacterium violaceum. Results: Ethanol was more effective at extracting phenolic compounds, with Tannat exhibiting the highest total phenolic content (162.5 \u00b5g GAE\/mg). HPLC-DAD analysis identified 16 phenolic acids, 18 flavonoids, and 3 stilbenes across the extracts. The ethanol extracts showed strong antioxidant activity (phosphomolybdenum reducing capacity 67\u2013128 \u03bcg AAE\/mg, ABTS\u2022+ scavenging 37\u201371 \u00b5g\/mL, Fe3+ reducing power 31\u201368 \u00b5g\/mL) and inhibited biofilm formation (up to 61%), elastase (up to 41%), and protease (up to 46%) activities in P. aeruginosa. The extracts also reduced pyocyanin production (up to 78%) and swarming motility (up to 68%), suggesting interference with QS. Moreover, the extracts inhibited violacein production in C. violaceum, confirming QS inhibition (up to 26%). Conclusions: Among the extracts, ethanol-extracted Tannat pomace showed the most substantial antipathogenic and antioxidant activities. The results add value to wine pomace by suggesting its use as natural extracts rich in phenolic compounds, capable of controlling the bacterial virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa without promoting the development of resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14040384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T11:24:39Z","timestamp":1744025079000},"page":"384","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Phenolic-Rich Wine Pomace Extracts as Antioxidant and Antipathogenic Agents Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7375-9745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina Mar\u00eda","family":"Viola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda Farmac\u00e9utica y Alimentaria (INBIOFAL) CONICET\u2013UNT, Avenida N Kirchner 1900, San Miguel de Tucum\u00e1n CP 4000, Tucum\u00e1n, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2703-0851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana Elizabeth","family":"Danilovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda Farmac\u00e9utica y Alimentaria (INBIOFAL) CONICET\u2013UNT, Avenida N Kirchner 1900, San Miguel de Tucum\u00e1n CP 4000, Tucum\u00e1n, Argentina"},{"name":"Facultad de Bioqu\u00edmica, Qu\u00edmica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucum\u00e1n (UNT), Ayacucho 471, San Miguel de Tucum\u00e1n CP 4000, Tucum\u00e1n, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romina","family":"Torres-Carro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda Farmac\u00e9utica y Alimentaria (INBIOFAL) CONICET\u2013UNT, Avenida N Kirchner 1900, San Miguel de Tucum\u00e1n CP 4000, Tucum\u00e1n, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1500-9211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela M.","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8803-0041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisca","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8148-0282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Cartagena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda Farmac\u00e9utica y Alimentaria (INBIOFAL) CONICET\u2013UNT, Avenida N Kirchner 1900, San Miguel de Tucum\u00e1n CP 4000, Tucum\u00e1n, Argentina"},{"name":"Facultad de Bioqu\u00edmica, Qu\u00edmica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucum\u00e1n (UNT), Ayacucho 471, San Miguel de Tucum\u00e1n CP 4000, Tucum\u00e1n, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4173-9499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Rosa","family":"Alberto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda Farmac\u00e9utica y Alimentaria (INBIOFAL) CONICET\u2013UNT, Avenida N Kirchner 1900, San Miguel de Tucum\u00e1n CP 4000, Tucum\u00e1n, Argentina"},{"name":"Facultad de Bioqu\u00edmica, Qu\u00edmica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucum\u00e1n (UNT), Ayacucho 471, San Miguel de Tucum\u00e1n CP 4000, Tucum\u00e1n, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7673-9328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Amparo","family":"Bl\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farm\u00e0cia i Ci\u00e8ncies de l\u2019Alimentaci\u00f3, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Avd. Vicent Andr\u00e9s Estell\u00e9s s\/n, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1984-5233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario Eduardo","family":"Arena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda Farmac\u00e9utica y Alimentaria (INBIOFAL) CONICET\u2013UNT, Avenida N Kirchner 1900, San Miguel de Tucum\u00e1n CP 4000, Tucum\u00e1n, Argentina"},{"name":"Facultad de Bioqu\u00edmica, Qu\u00edmica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucum\u00e1n (UNT), Ayacucho 471, San Miguel de Tucum\u00e1n CP 4000, Tucum\u00e1n, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elbehiry, A., Abalkhail, A., Marzouk, E., Elmanssury, A.E., Almuzaini, A.M., Alfheeaid, H., and Abu-Okail, A. (2023). 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