{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:13:09Z","timestamp":1787497989540,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infective spondylitis is a rare but potentially devastating spinal infection that requires timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment to prevent severe complications, including neurological deficits and spinal deformity. Despite advancements in diagnostic imaging, microbiological techniques, and antimicrobial therapies, clinical challenges persist because of the disease\u2019s insidious onset, varied etiologies, and increasing antimicrobial resistance. This review article provides a comprehensive analysis of the current literature on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies for infective spondylitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14040391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T07:49:02Z","timestamp":1744184942000},"page":"391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Infective Spondylitis in Adults: A Journey Through Diagnosis, Management, and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Woo-Seok","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung-Ryul","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, International St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4880-5310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji-Won","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Soo","family":"Suk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hak-Sun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong-Hwan","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si-Young","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Won","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7235-4981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byung-Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.87B11.16294","article-title":"Spinal infections","volume":"87","author":"Govender","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. 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