{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T10:41:51Z","timestamp":1793356911528,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]],"date-time":"2025-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background:\u00a0Enterococcus species present significant health risks due to their widespread presence in humans, animals, and the environment. This study examined the patterns of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the presence of carbapenemase-producing Enterococcus species from various sources. Methods: Between November 2023 and February 2024, 500 samples were collected in Lagos State, including 350 clinical human samples, 50 environmental samples, and 100 animal samples. The samples were processed, and Enterococcus isolates were identified and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests (AST) by standard methods. Furthermore, carbapenemase (blaKPC and oxa-48) and virulence genes (gelE) were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods using specific primers. Results: The overall prevalence of Enterococcus isolates was 4.6% (23\/500), including 18 E. faecalis and 5 E. faecium. The source prevalence was 24% (12\/50) from the environmental samples, 5% (5\/100) from animal sources, and 1.7% (6\/350) from the clinical samples. All Enterococcus isolates were 100% resistant to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, imipenem, vancomycin, and ampicillin. However, 91% were susceptible to gentamicin. Six (6) distinct resistance profiles were observed, with the pattern AMP-ERY-TGC-CIP-TS-VA-CHL-AUG-MEM-IMI being the most frequent in 12 E. faecalis (4 isolates from humans, 2 from animals, and 6 from the environment). Notably, 39.1% (9\/23) of multiple-drug resistant Enterococcus isolates harbored the gelE virulence gene, including seven E. faecalis (five environmental and two human) and two E. faecium from animal sources. The E. faecalis strains HB003 and HB050, from human bacteremia cases carrying gelE, were the first in Nigeria to produce blaKPC and oxa-48 carbapenemase genes. Conclusions: This study revealed the emergence of carbapenemase-producing Enterococcus species in our environment. A one-health approach and further molecular studies are essential to mitigate the spread and understand the transmission dynamics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14040398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T06:18:36Z","timestamp":1744611516000},"page":"398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns, and Emerging Carbapenemase-Producing Enterococcus Species from Different Sources in Lagos, Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2166-790X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wasiu Olawale","family":"Salami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Ojo P.O. Box 0001 LASU Post Office, Lagos 102101, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4306-4445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel Oluwasegun","family":"Ajoseh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Ojo P.O. Box 0001 LASU Post Office, Lagos 102101, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7722-1053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aminat Olajumoke","family":"Lawal-Sanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Ojo P.O. Box 0001 LASU Post Office, Lagos 102101, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1221-3340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashraf A. Abd","family":"El Tawab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8287-6705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heinrich","family":"Neubauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6259-1932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gamal","family":"Wareth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0876-5724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kabiru Olusegun","family":"Akinyemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Ojo P.O. Box 0001 LASU Post Office, Lagos 102101, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bondi, M., Laukova, A., de Niederhausern, S., Messi, P., Papadopoulou, C., and Economou, V. (2020). Controversial aspects displayed by enterococci: Probiotics or pathogens?. Biomed. Res. Int., 2020.","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9816185"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.BAD-0014-2016","article-title":"Enterococci and their interactions with the intestinal microbiome","volume":"5","author":"Dubin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiol. 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