{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:41:44Z","timestamp":1787838104492,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Pertussis remains a significant cause of respiratory illness in children, particularly in regions with suboptimal vaccination coverage. This retrospective study analyzes the clinical presentations, co-infections, treatment, and outcomes of pediatric patients diagnosed with Bordetella pertussis at the Constan\u021ba County Clinical Emergency Hospital \u201cSt. Apostle Andrew\u201d between 1 January and 30 September 2024. Methods: Thirty-eight children, predominantly under the age of 3 years (81.58%), were included. Demographic data, clinical features, coinfecting pathogens, antimicrobial regimens, and hospital outcomes were reviewed. Results: Only 7 out of 38 children (18.42%) had received pertussis vaccination, and none benefited from maternal immunization. The highest incidence occurred in infants under 1 year (44.74%). Intensive care was required in 18.42% of cases, and macrolides were the most frequently used antibiotics (68.42%). Co-detection of respiratory pathogens\u2014particularly Streptococcus pneumoniae, enteroviruses, and human rhinoviruses\u2014was common. Severe cases often exhibited hyperleukocytosis, which was associated with complications such as heart failure. Conclusions: These findings underscore the need for timely recognition and management of pertussis and its complications. Although macrolides remain the first-line therapy, adjunctive treatments like leukoreduction may be considered in critical cases. The persistence of pertussis despite vaccination efforts highlights the challenges posed by waning immunity and diagnostic limitations, reinforcing the need for strengthened public health strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14050428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T10:40:48Z","timestamp":1745404848000},"page":"428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Pediatric Pertussis Cases: A Retrospective Study from Southeast Romania"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8844-0593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina Maria","family":"Mihai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, Faculty of General Medicine, \u201cOvidius\u201d University, 900470 Constanta, Romania"},{"name":"Pediatrics, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8147-3632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ancuta","family":"Lupu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4996-2484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana","family":"Chisnoiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, Faculty of General Medicine, \u201cOvidius\u201d University, 900470 Constanta, Romania"},{"name":"Pediatrics, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5793-1370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana Luminita","family":"Balasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, Faculty of General Medicine, \u201cOvidius\u201d University, 900470 Constanta, Romania"},{"name":"Pediatrics, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9447-5872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ginel","family":"Baciu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, \u201cDun\u0103rea de Jos\u201d University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8532-5199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Fotea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, \u201cDun\u0103rea de Jos\u201d University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2640-8795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasile Valeriu","family":"Lupu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9696-5728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Violeta","family":"Popovici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Mountain Economics, \u201cCostin C. Kritescu\u201d National Institute of Economic Research (INCE-CEMONT), Romanian Academy, 725700 Vatra-Dornei, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4898-8938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona Claudia","family":"Cambrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of General Medicine, \u201cOvidius\u201d University, 900470 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0772-2842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mircea","family":"Grigorian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Physiopathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cOvidius\u201d University, 900178 Constan\u021ba, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0712-6314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felicia","family":"Suciu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analysis and Quality Control of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cOvidius\u201d University, 900470 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7922-647X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florin-Daniel","family":"Enache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, Faculty of General Medicine, \u201cOvidius\u201d University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Sora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology (CEDMOG), Blvd. Tomis nr. 145, 900591 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4701-7841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramona Mihaela","family":"Stoicescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, \u201cOvidius\u201d University of Constanta, Str. C\u0103pitan Aviator Al. \u0218erb\u0103nescu, nr.6, Campus Corp C, 900470 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caulfield, A.D., and Harvill, E.T. (2024). Bordetella Pertussis. Molecular Medical Microbiology, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-818619-0.00076-9"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S310","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa469","article-title":"Pertussis (Whooping Cough)","volume":"224","author":"Decker","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"275","article-title":"Clinical Features of Pertussis in 248 Hospitalized Children and Risk Factors of Severe Pertussis","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. J. Appl. Clin. 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