{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T12:19:54Z","timestamp":1784031594356,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"MINISTERIO DE CIENCIA, INNOVACI\u00d3N Y UNIVERSIDADES (Spain)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2022-142329OB-C31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-142329OB-C31"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"UNIVERSIDAD DE LE\u00d3N (Spain)","award":["PID2022-142329OB-C31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-142329OB-C31"]}]},{"name":"European Social Fund","award":["PID2022-142329OB-C31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-142329OB-C31"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The main objective of this research work was to identify and determine the antibiotic resistance of the false-positive isolates on chromogenic agar when analyzing Salmonella in chicken meat. Methods: A total of 234 samples of chicken meat (carcasses, cuts and preparations) were studied using buffered peptone water for primary enrichment, Rappaport\u2013Vassiliadis soy broth for secondary enrichment and Salmonella Chromogen Agar Set as a selective solid medium. Colonies with a morphology characteristic of Salmonella (one isolate per sample) were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). Results: Colonies with a characteristic morphology of Salmonella were detected in 71 samples. Only five isolates (7.0% of the total) corresponded to the genus Salmonella. Other genera detected were Hafnia (three isolates; 4.2% of the total), Escherichia (22; 31.0%), Klebsiella (19; 26.8%), Proteus (6; 8.5%) and Pseudomonas (16; 22.5%). The 66 isolates of these last five genera were tested for susceptibility to a panel of 42 antibiotics of clinical importance by disc diffusion. All isolates presented multiple resistances, to between 4 and 29 antibiotics, all of them having a multi drug-resistant (MDR) phenotype except for one Pseudomonas strain, with an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) phenotype. Conclusions: These results highlight the low selectivity of this method, with the specific culture media under test, for the detection of Salmonella in poultry meat. The considerable prevalence of antibiotic resistance observed suggests a need to improve control measures throughout the poultry meat production chain to prevent this food from becoming a reservoir of bacteria with resistance to multiple antibiotics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14060540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]],"date-time":"2025-05-25T20:26:50Z","timestamp":1748204810000},"page":"540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Identification and Antibiotic Resistance of Isolates from Poultry Meat and Poultry Meat By-Products Exhibiting Characteristic Salmonella Morphology on Chromogenic Agar"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3343-4318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Panera-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Le\u00f3n, E-24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Le\u00f3n, E-24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9923-0946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Melc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Le\u00f3n, E-24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Le\u00f3n, E-24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6444-8408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camino","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Le\u00f3n, E-24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Le\u00f3n, E-24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8688-0912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Alonso-Calleja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Le\u00f3n, E-24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Le\u00f3n, E-24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9584-0755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa","family":"Capita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Le\u00f3n, E-24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Le\u00f3n, E-24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Borriello, S.P., Murray, P.R., and Funke, G. 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