{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T22:49:04Z","timestamp":1793746144622,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timi\u0219oara"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The widespread use of antibiotics in animal husbandry has led to an increase in antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli, particularly strains producing extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBL) and AmpC \u03b2-lactamases. This study aimed to isolate and characterize such strains from fecal samples of broiler chickens (n = 71) and slaughtered turkeys (n = 31) in northwestern Romania. Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCR were used to evaluate phenotypic resistance patterns and detect the presence of resistance genes (AmpC, blaZ, and blaTEM). Results: The results showed that 55% of turkey and 61% of broiler isolates were presumptive ESBL\/AmpC producers. Among all isolates, 50% were classified as extensively drug-resistant (XDR), 44% as multidrug-resistant (MDR), and only 6% were fully susceptible. Gene detection revealed an overall prevalence of 44.2% for AmpC, 72.7% for blaZ, and 58.1% for blaTEM, yielding a total penetrance of 51.09%. The diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) values, ranging from 0.67 to 81, suggest the efficacy of the antibiotic susceptibility testing method used in detecting the presence of these resistance genes. Conclusion: Overall, these findings highlight a significant burden of antimicrobial-resistant, poultry-associated E. coli strains, warranting stricter antimicrobial stewardship.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14060578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T05:49:22Z","timestamp":1749102562000},"page":"578","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of ESBL and AmpC \u03b2-Lactamase-Producing E. coli Isolates from Poultry in Northwestern Romania"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Anca","family":"Rus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7156-3324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iulia-Maria","family":"Bucur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6057-882X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kalman","family":"Imre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8959-5140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreea Talida","family":"Tirziu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Piata Eftimie Murgu 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrei Alexandru","family":"Ivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8420-0090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radu Valentin","family":"Gros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2050-1557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex Cristian","family":"Moza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1684-7324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian Alexandru","family":"Popa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8740-9524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Ban-Cucerzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emil","family":"Tirziu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences \u201cKing Mihai I\u201d from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.173498","article-title":"Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from Food and Clinical Environment in China from 2001 to 2020","volume":"939","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. 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