{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T12:22:15Z","timestamp":1763122935473,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]],"date-time":"2025-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008061","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n MUTUA Madrile\u00f1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FMM24\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FMM24\/01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Vancomycin (V) is widely used for catheter lock therapy. However, its ad hoc preparation in pharmacy departments involves discarding most of an intravenous vial and contributes to high workload. We aimed to assess the V concentration and minimum inhibitory biofilm concentration (MIBC) of a frozen V lock solution. Methods: Two V-2 mg\/mL solutions were tested: (1) V + heparin 100 IU\/mL and (2) V + citrate 2%. Solutions were frozen at \u221220 \u00b0C, followed by 48 h refrigeration, and analyses were performed at baseline and after 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks (experiment 1). In addition, after the 12-week freezing period, solution 1 was also preserved for 1 and 2 weeks at both 4 \u00b0C and room temperature (experiment 2). V concentration was assessed by HPLC-DAD at 205 nm and validated with forced degradation tests. A &lt;10% variation indicated significant change. MBIC was determined by XTT staining of 24 h biofilms exposed to decreasing concentrations of each solution. Microorganisms tested included methicillin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA, MRSA), Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC35984 (SE), and a highly biofilm-forming clinical S. epidermidis strain (SEclin). MIBC was defined as \u226550% reduction in metabolic activity. Results: In experiment 1, while V concentration remained stable over time, MIBC values varied, notably increasing from 8 weeks for all strains. Moreover, in experiment 2, significant reductions in both V concentration and MIBC were detected in the 2-week period. Conclusions: V lock solution appears to be able to be 12-weeks frozen followed by up to 1 week at refrigeration or room temperature. This facilitates the optimization of vial preparation in hospital pharmacy laboratories.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14060605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T10:47:22Z","timestamp":1750070842000},"page":"605","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Is It Possible to Optimize the Elaboration and Preservation of a Vancomycin Catheter Lock Solution?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1572-8040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"D\u00edaz-Navarro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6170-799X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Samitier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F\u00e9lix","family":"Garc\u00eda-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Sanjurjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5706-5583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2574-4076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Torroba-Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7607-5848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Guembe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1086\/599376","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of intravascular catheter-related infection: 2009 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"49","author":"Mermel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. 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