{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T02:00:21Z","timestamp":1792720821309,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Candidozyma auris (Cz. auris) has emerged globally, and diseases caused by it are associated with a mortality rate of 30\u201372%. This yeast is often multidrug-resistant and challenging to treat. A synthetic peptide, consisting of 11 amino acids of human lactoferrin (hLF1-11), offers a new therapy that is active against Candida albicans, non-albicans Candida yeasts, as well as Cz. auris. The current study examined the susceptibility of clinically relevant Candida species to hLF(1-11) in vitro and investigated the synergistic interaction of this peptide with fluconazole (FLU) and anidulafungin (ANI). Methods: Susceptibility of the yeasts to hLF(1-11) was tested with a microdilution method to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). A total of 59 strains belonging to 16 species of Candida or Candidozyma were tested. The treatment cohort included 20 strains of Cz. auris originating from six different countries. Results: Mean MIC values of all susceptible strains ranged from 16.66 \u00b1 6.46 \u03bcg\/mL to 45.83 \u00b1 10.21 \u03bcg\/mL. There were no statistical differences in the susceptibility of hLF(1-11) for Cz. auris across geographic origins. In the combinatory tests, drugs acting together, the fractional inhibitory concentration indexes [FIC] &lt; 1.0, showed a synergistic or additive effect on the efficacy of FLU and ANI when used in combination with hLF(1-11). [FIC] indexes 1\u20132 were interpreted as intermediate. MIC values in combinatory use were 1\u20132 titer steps lower than when used alone. Conclusions: hLF(1-11) inhibits the growth of yeasts that belong to the genus Candida, including Cz. auris. The combinatory use may be further investigated to treat infections caused by resistant yeasts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14070671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T06:10:26Z","timestamp":1751436626000},"page":"671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Synthetic Human Lactoferrin Peptide hLF(1-11) Shows Antifungal Activity and Synergism with Fluconazole and Anidulafungin Towards Candida albicans and Various Non-Albicans Candida Species, Including Candidozyma auris"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6093-7116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Brouwer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CBMR Scientific Inc., Edmonton, AB T6J4V9, Canada"},{"name":"College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youp","family":"van der Linden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Rios","family":"Carrasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saleh","family":"Alwasel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarad","family":"Abalkhail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3629-5755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatimah O.","family":"Al-Otibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teun","family":"Boekhout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2249-5601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mick M.","family":"Welling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-5890(02)00022-6","article-title":"Invasive fungal infections: Evolving challenges for diagnosis and therapeutics","volume":"38","author":"Ellis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. 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