{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:42:45Z","timestamp":1760035365486,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#32003B_219351\/1","#FF24013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#32003B_219351\/1","#FF24013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004362","name":"Swiss Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#32003B_219351\/1","#FF24013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#32003B_219351\/1","#FF24013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004362","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Vaudois Foundation for Interventional Cardiology","award":["#32003B_219351\/1","#FF24013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#32003B_219351\/1","#FF24013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Microhematuria is common in patients with infective endocarditis (IE). The present study aims to assess whether the addition of microhematuria in the 2023 Duke-International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases (ISCVID) minor immunological criteria could enhance its diagnostic performance. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland (2014\u20132024). All patients with suspected IE and urinalysis within 24 h from presentation were included. The Endocarditis Team classified episodes as IE or non-IE. Microhematuria was defined as &gt;5 red blood cells per high power field (HPF). Results: Among 801 episodes with suspected IE, 263 (33%) were diagnosed with IE. Microhematuria (&gt;5\/HPF) was present in 462 (58%) episodes, with no difference between episodes with and without confirmed IE (61% versus 56%; p = 0.223). Based on the 2023 ISCVID-Duke, minor immunological criteria were present in 42 episodes (5%). By adding microhematuria, 473 (59%) episodes met the minor immunological criteria. Sensitivity of the clinical criteria of the 2023 ISCVID-Duke version without and with hematuria was calculated at 75% (69\u201380%) and 86% (81\u201390%), respectively. Specificity was at 52% (48\u201357%) and 40% (36\u201345%), respectively. Among episodes with suspected IE, microhematuria was associated with female sex, enterococcal bacteremia, sepsis or septic shock, acute kidney injury, non-cerebral embolic events, and bone and joint infection. Conclusions: Microhematuria was frequent among patients with suspected IE, but it was not associated with the diagnosis of IE. The addition of microhematuria in the 2023 ISCVID-Duke minor immunological criteria did not enhance the overall performance of the criteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14070687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T10:03:27Z","timestamp":1751882607000},"page":"687","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Should Microhematuria Be Incorporated into the 2023 Duke-International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases Minor Immunological Criteria?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2219-9834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean","family":"Regina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4072-0736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louis","family":"Stavart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benoit","family":"Guery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2810-8887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Tzimas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3083-7333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Monney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4453-5202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars","family":"Niclauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9213-7578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Kirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5631-6096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dela","family":"Golshayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthaios","family":"Papadimitriou-Olivgeris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Service, Institut Central des H\u00f4pitaux, Hospital of Valais, 1951 Sion, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-022-01954-0","article-title":"Value of diagnosing immunological phenomena in patients with suspected endocarditis","volume":"51","author":"Heerschop","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1086\/513765","article-title":"Suggested modifications to the Duke criteria for the clinical diagnosis of native valve and prosthetic valve endocarditis: Analysis of 118 pathologically proven cases","volume":"25","author":"Lamas","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. 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Nephrol."}],"container-title":["Antibiotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/14\/7\/687\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:05:46Z","timestamp":1760033146000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/14\/7\/687"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["antibiotics14070687"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics14070687","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-6382"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2079-6382"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]}}}