{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T22:06:27Z","timestamp":1783461987597,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To analyze the composition of the oral microbiome in periodontal pocket lesions and on the tongue dorsum of patients with Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric disease. Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed with gastric disease and H. pylori (HP+) were evaluated in comparison to a control group of H. pylori-negative patients without gastric disease (HP\u2212). Periodontal and oral health clinical parameters (PPD, BoP, PSE, plaque score and modified DMFT) were assessed for each patient. Microbiological samples were collected from the deepest periodontal pockets and tongue dorsum, followed by DNA extraction, 16S rRNA PCR amplification, and Next-Generation-Sequencing (NGS) analyses. Results: Sixty-seven patients (27F; 40M, aged 35\u201385 years) were enrolled. Of these, 52 were HP+ and 15 were HP\u2212. HP+ patients exhibited a significantly higher presence of decayed teeth (p &lt; 0.05) and slightly fewer missing teeth (p &gt; 0.05). The plaque score was significantly higher in HP+ patients (p &lt; 0.05), while PPD and BoP showed no significant differences (p &gt; 0.05). NGS analysis revealed no presence of H. pylori in any samples of both periodontal and tongue sites. HP+ patients showed a distinct microbial composition, including higher prevalence of Capnocytophaga, Fusobacterium, and Peptostreptococcus genera in both locations (pockets and tongue dorsum). Conclusions: The study demonstrated that HP+ patients exhibit distinct oral microbial profiles compared to HP\u2212 patients, especially in areas with deeper periodontal pockets. H. pylori was not detected in the oral microbiomes of either group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14080804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T10:13:51Z","timestamp":1754475231000},"page":"804","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparative Evaluation of Tongue and Periodontal Pocket Microbiome in Relation to Helicobacter pylori Gastric Disease: 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0071-4463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fausto","family":"Zamparini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endodontic Clinical Section, Dental School, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Laboratory of Green Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, Dental School, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1044-2027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio","family":"Buonavoglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endodontic Clinical Section, Dental School, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0026-8472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Pellegrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7305-5630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgia","family":"Diakoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Pavoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, IRCCS AOUBO, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0381-8302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Fiorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, IRCCS AOU, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5012-7355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vittorio","family":"Sambri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, 47522 Pievesestina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4674-1766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Spinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endodontic Clinical Section, Dental School, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dino","family":"Vaira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, IRCCS AOUBO, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, IRCCS AOU, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7793-6227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Giovanna","family":"Gandolfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Green Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, Dental School, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Prati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endodontic Clinical Section, Dental School, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xia, M., Lei, L., Zhao, L., Xu, W., Zhang, H., Li, M., Hu, J., Cheng, R., and Hu, T. 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