{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T06:31:53Z","timestamp":1786602713798,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"J\u00e1nos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences","award":["BO\/00105\/23\/5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BO\/00105\/23\/5"]}]},{"name":"J\u00e1nos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences","award":["PD-147276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD-147276"]}]},{"name":"the \u201cOTKA\u201d Postdoctoral Excellence Programme 2023 of the National Research, Development and Innovation Office of Hungary","award":["BO\/00105\/23\/5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BO\/00105\/23\/5"]}]},{"name":"the \u201cOTKA\u201d Postdoctoral Excellence Programme 2023 of the National Research, Development and Innovation Office of Hungary","award":["PD-147276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD-147276"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Paediatric acute haematogenous bone and joint infections (BJIs) are serious conditions. This study aimed to analyse the characteristics of paediatric acute haematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO) and septic arthritis (SA) in Hungary, with a focus on causative pathogens, clinical outcomes, and long-term complications. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a Hungarian tertiary referral centre between 2015 and 2022. Children aged 18 years or younger diagnosed with acute haematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO) or septic arthritis (SA) within two months of symptom onset were included. Exclusion criteria were chronic infection, post-operative infections, or wound-related infections. Complicated AHO was defined by intraosseous abscess or necrosis confirmed radiologically or intraoperatively. The primary outcome was surgical intervention beyond 30 days after diagnosis; secondary outcomes included long-term complications. Results: Forty patients were included (77.5% male, median age 8.7 years). AHO was diagnosed in 8 patients (20.0%), complicated AHO in 22 (55.0%), and SA in 10 (25.0%). MRI had the highest diagnostic sensitivity (97.0%). Pathogens were identified in 72.5% of cases; Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was most common (57.5%), followed by Salmonella and Streptococcus pyogenes (5% each). Surgery was required in 90.0% of SA cases, 77.2% of complicated AHO, and 37.5% of uncomplicated AHO. Long-term complications occurred in 10%, mainly with S. aureus and complicated AHO. Conclusions: Paediatric BJIs, especially due to S. aureus, often require surgery and cause long-term sequelae.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14080821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T14:32:36Z","timestamp":1754922756000},"page":"821","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Clinical Characteristics and Follow-Up of Children with Primary Haematogenous Osteomyelitis and Septic Arthritis: Eight Years of Experience from Hungary"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Szofia","family":"Haj\u00f3si-Kalcakosz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Heim P\u00e1l National Paediatric Institute, \u00dcll\u0151i \u00fat 86, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Tropical Medicine Specialist Training, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, \u00dcll\u0151i \u00fat 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erzs\u00e9bet","family":"Varga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Heim P\u00e1l National Paediatric Institute, \u00dcll\u0151i \u00fat 86, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0878-165X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorottya","family":"\u0150ri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Heim P\u00e1l National Paediatric Institute, \u00dcll\u0151i \u00fat 86, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Nagyv\u00e1rad t\u00e9r 4, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Csaba","family":"R\u00e1skai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Heim P\u00e1l National Paediatric Institute, \u00dcll\u0151i \u00fat 86, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Borb\u00e1la","family":"Zsigmond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, St. George\u2019s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackshaw Rd, London SW17 0QT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Be\u00e1ta","family":"Visy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Heim P\u00e1l National Paediatric Institute, \u00dcll\u0151i \u00fat 86, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0969-6684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferenc","family":"Fekete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Heim P\u00e1l National Paediatric Institute, \u00dcll\u0151i \u00fat 86, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Horv\u00e1th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyv\u00e1rad t\u00e9r 4, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orsolya","family":"Dobay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyv\u00e1rad t\u00e9r 4, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1775-1356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00e1lint Gergely","family":"Szab\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Doctoral College, Semmelweis University, \u00dcll\u0151i \u00fat 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"South Pest Central Hospital, National Institute of Haematology and Infectology, Albert Fl\u00f3ri\u00e1n \u00fat 5-7, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001635","article-title":"Bone and Joint Infections","volume":"36","author":"Faust","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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