{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:37:17Z","timestamp":1760060237588,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), and Ministry of Education","award":["NRF2018R1A6A1A03025124","NRF2022R1A2C1012199"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF2018R1A6A1A03025124","NRF2022R1A2C1012199"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Clonorchiasis, caused by the parasite Clonorchis sinensis, remains a public health concern in East Asian countries. Methods: In this study, high-throughput screening was used to analyze 320 compounds for potential inhibitory activity against Clonorchis sinensis. To ensure the selection of high-confidence hits, a stringent inhibition threshold of 80% was applied, leading to the identification of three active compounds: moxifloxacin, hexachlorophene, and ivermectin (IVM). Ivermectin emerged as a hit compound and was assessed for its anti-C. sinensis efficacy. Results: Ivermectin demonstrated dose-dependent trematocidal activity against C. sinensis metacercariae (CsMC) and newly excysted juveniles (CsNEJs), showing superior efficacy against CsMC and CsNEJs compared to praziquantel. To assess in vivo efficacy, rats were infected with CsMC and treated with ivermectin at 1 and 4 weeks post-infection (wpi) to target larval and adult stages, respectively. A significant worm burden reduction was observed compared to untreated control when treatment was administered at 1 wpi, showing an antiparasitic effect against larvae. Parasite-specific IgG levels and ALT\/AST responses were comparable to those of the infection control group. Conclusions: These findings suggest that ivermectin may serve as a potential alternative drug targeting C. sinensis larvae.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14080837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T13:08:51Z","timestamp":1755608931000},"page":"837","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ivermectin Identified Using a High-Throughput Screening System Exhibits Anti-Clonorchis sinensis Activity in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Soon-Ok","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Zoology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyeryon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical and Structural Biology of Pathogens, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ki Back","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease and Malaria, Paik Institute of Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung-Jong","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6817-7668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joo Hwan","family":"No","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical and Structural Biology of Pathogens, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0419-9339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fu-Shi","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Zoology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2021.05.011","article-title":"Clonorchis sinensis","volume":"37","author":"Qian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2019.105309","article-title":"Clonorchis sinensis and clonorchiasis","volume":"203","author":"Na","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen, T.T.B., Dermauw, V., Dahma, H., Bui, D.T., Le, T.T.H., Phi, N.T.T., Lempereur, L., Losson, B., Vandenberg, O., and Do, D.T. 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