{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T13:12:20Z","timestamp":1793106740090,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","award":["PNURSP2025R342"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2025R342"]}]},{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","award":["ORF-2025-754"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ORF-2025-754"]}]},{"name":"Ongoing Research Funding program","award":["PNURSP2025R342"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2025R342"]}]},{"name":"Ongoing Research Funding program","award":["ORF-2025-754"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ORF-2025-754"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The rise in antibiotic resistance presents a serious and urgent global health challenge, emphasizing the need to develop new therapeutic compounds. This study focuses on the design and evaluation of a novel series of hybrid molecules that combine the 2-quinolone and 1,2,3-triazole pharmacophores, both recognized for their broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. Methods: A library of 29 candidate molecules was first designed using in silico techniques, including QSAR modeling, ADMET prediction, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations, to optimize antibacterial activity and drug-like properties. The most promising compounds were then synthesized and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR APT, mass spectrometry (MS), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Results: Antibacterial evaluation revealed potent activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.019 to 1.25 mg\/mL. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the strong potential of 2-quinolone\u2013triazole hybrids as effective antibacterial agents and provide a solid foundation for the development of next-generation antibiotics to combat the growing threat of bacterial resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14090877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T15:02:57Z","timestamp":1756825377000},"page":"877","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Hybrid 2-Quinolone\u20131,2,3-triazole Compounds: Rational Design, In Silico Optimization, Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2564-3058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayoub","family":"El-Mrabet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Route d\u2019Imouzzer, P.O. Box 2202, Fez 30000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abderrahim","family":"Diane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Route d\u2019Imouzzer, P.O. Box 2202, Fez 30000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachid","family":"Haloui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Engineering, Systems and Applications, National School of Applied Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah-Fez University, P.O. Box 2202, Fez 30040, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5192-9034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanae","family":"El Monfalouti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Plant Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 4 Avenue 9 Ibn Battouta, P.O. Box 1014, Rabat 10000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1042-8126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashwag","family":"S. Alanazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Hefnawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0483-8113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed M.","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youssef","family":"Kandri-Rodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Route d\u2019Imouzzer, P.O. 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