{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T16:43:26Z","timestamp":1787849006926,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"RumiRes: Epidemiological Surveillance and Awareness of Antimicrobial Resistance and Drug Residues in Small Ruminants in the Central Region","award":["PRR-C05-i03-I-000190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRR-C05-i03-I-000190"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Bovine mastitis (BM) is a major disease affecting dairy herds (DHs), with Serratia marcescens (S. marcescens) being increasingly implicated as a causative agent. The growing concern over antimicrobial resistance (AMR) extends to BM-associated S. marcescens isolates, where resistance patterns are emerging. Methods: Here, four BM Gram-negative isolates were investigated: 1-DH1, 2-DH1, 3-DH2, and 4-DH3. Phenotypic characterization was performed using the Neg-Urine-Combo98 panel on a MicroScan WalkAway Plus system. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed to characterize and identify AMR and virulence factors (VF) genes and plasmids in isolates 1-DH1, 3-DH2, and 4-DH3, and phylogenomic analyses were conducted for a visual comparison of the genomes. Results: Phenotypically, isolates 1-DH1, 2-DH1, and 4-DH3 were identified as S. marcescens, and 3-DH2 as Serratia odorifera (confirmed as S. marcescens by WGS). A 28.00% (n = 25) prevalence of phenotypic AMR for isolates 1-DH1, 2-DH1, and 4-DH3 against Aug-E, AM, To, Cfx, Crm, Cl, and Fd was shown, and 24.00% (n = 25) for isolate 3-DH2 against Aug-E, AM, To, Crm, Cl, and Fd. The AMR genes AAC(6\u2032)-Ic, aac(6\u2032)-Ic_1, aac(6\u2032)-Ial, H-NS, SRT-2, oqxB, oqxB_1, oqxB25, mexI, CRP, and blaSST-1, and flgH, fliP, fliM, and fliG VF genes were identified in the whole genome of the S. marcescens sequenced isolates 1-DH1, 2-DH1, and 4-DH3. In addition, a phylogenomic analysis of these three isolates revealed that WGS genomes are more closely related to S. marcescens prevenient from environmental sources. Conclusions: This study reports, for the first time, AMR resistance to tobramycin, cefuroxime, colistin, and nitrofurantoin in BM S. marcescens isolates. Genomic analysis revealed the presence of multiple AMR and VF genes, further highlighting the pathogenic potential of these isolates. Phylogenomic analysis revealed that the genome of the three BM S. marcescens isolates is more closely related to environmental S. marcescens strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14090892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T09:18:57Z","timestamp":1756977537000},"page":"892","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Serratia marcescens Isolates from Bovine Mastitic Milk: Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Features"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2828-7202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guilherme","family":"Moreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, ICBAS-UP, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nr. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0313-7582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, ICBAS-UP, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nr. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8769-8103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o R.","family":"Mesquita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, ICBAS-UP, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nr. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Estudos de Ci\u00eancia Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ci\u00eancias, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA), University of Porto, Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9771-8769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliane","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, ICBAS-UP, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nr. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources (CIBIO\/InBIO), University of Porto, Rua Padre Amando Quintas, nr. 7, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sugrue, I., Tobin, C., Ross, R.P., Stanton, C., and Hill, C. (2018). 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