{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:43:13Z","timestamp":1760060593525,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The Enterobacteriaceae family is the most heterogeneous group of Gram-negative bacilli, with both environmental and clinical relevance. Although many of these species are part of the normal intestinal microbiota, species such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis are among the most common opportunistic pathogens, frequently responsible for nosocomial infections, including urinary tract infections, bacteraemia, and pneumonia. Based on these concerns, these species are increasingly being studied for their ability to develop antimicrobial resistance, often mediated by extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase or carbapenemase production. The present study aims to analyse the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from a southern Italian hospital focusing on the species of major clinical importance. Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out on biological samples collected between 2019 and 2023 at the Microbiology Laboratory of the San Pio Hospital, Vasto (Italy). Eight hundred ninety patients were included, with an average age of 73 years. Bacterial identification was carried out using bacterial culture and biochemical methods, while antimicrobial sensitivity was assessed by using the automated Walk Away System. Results: The most frequently isolated species were Escherichia coli (63.2%), Klebsiella spp. (21.9%), and Proteus spp. (8.8%). All isolates showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial and most to more than four. The highest resistance rates were observed for Cefotaxime (16.0%), followed by Ampicillin (15.6%) and Ciprofloxacin (13.2%). Conclusions: The high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among clinically relevant Enterobacteriaceae species is a growing clinical challenge. The results of this study, which describe the trend of resistance among Enterobacteriaceae in a local hospital, could help to raise awareness highlighting the urgent need for more advanced diagnostic tools and new therapeutic strategies to treat infections caused by multi-resistant microorganisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14090899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T09:51:21Z","timestamp":1757065881000},"page":"899","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Clinically Relevant Enterobacteriaceae Isolates: A Retrospective Study at a Southern Italian Hospital"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Stornelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7069-5914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatrice","family":"Marinacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6417-876X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Puca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1564-9062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedetta","family":"Pellegrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta Zita","family":"Marulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Operative Unit of Clinical Pathology, S. Pio Hospital, 66054 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Cataldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Operative Unit of Clinical Pathology, S. Pio Hospital, 66054 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0166-2164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Sisto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dentistry Sciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7652-1660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vittoria","family":"Perrotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6309-6981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arianna","family":"Pompilio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2398-1254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mattia","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6448-8960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamela","family":"Di Giovanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8432-6889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rossella","family":"Grande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emcon.2024.100385","article-title":"Genomic Insights Into Resistome, Virulome, and Mobilome as Organic Contaminants of ESKAPE Pathogens and E. coli Recovered from Milk, Farm Workers, and Environmental Settings in Hainan, China","volume":"10","author":"Hao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg. 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