{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T03:46:21Z","timestamp":1789616781761,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health, and Food Chain Safety","award":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00001"]}]},{"name":"National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health, and Food Chain Safety","award":["TKP2021-EGA-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TKP2021-EGA-01"]}]},{"name":"National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health, and Food Chain Safety","award":["2024-2.1.1-EK\u00d6P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-2.1.1-EK\u00d6P"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Innovation and Technology of Hungary (legal successor: Ministry of Culture and Innovation of Hungary) from the National Research, Development, and Innovation Fund","award":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00001"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Innovation and Technology of Hungary (legal successor: Ministry of Culture and Innovation of Hungary) from the National Research, Development, and Innovation Fund","award":["TKP2021-EGA-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TKP2021-EGA-01"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Innovation and Technology of Hungary (legal successor: Ministry of Culture and Innovation of Hungary) from the National Research, Development, and Innovation Fund","award":["2024-2.1.1-EK\u00d6P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-2.1.1-EK\u00d6P"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Pasteurella multocida is responsible for a wide variety of animal diseases worldwide, causing major economic losses. These infections are usually treated with antibiotics; however, the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains is increasingly hindering. Understanding antibiotic resistance in P. multocida is important for effective treatment strategies and public health, as it impacts both animal and human welfare. Methods: In this study, the antibiotic susceptibility of 80 P. multocida isolates was evaluated by phenotypic (disk diffusion and broth microdilution) and genotypic analysis via whole-genome sequencing, with particular attention to the occurrence of MDR strains. The strains were tested against antibiotics from nine antimicrobial classes (penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, lincosamides, phenicols, and sulfonamides). Antimicrobial resistance gene (ARG) sequences and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were evaluated in paired reads using the Bacterial and Viral Bioinformatics Resource Center (BV-BRC) and the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) via Resistance Gene Identifier (RGI), respectively. Results: Phenotypic results indicated that cephalosporins and phenicols were the most effective drugs against P. multocida; however, the majority of strains were also susceptible to fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines. In contrast, high resistance rates were observed to sulfamethoxazole and clindamycin. The most prevalent resistance genes were strA, sul2, and tetH, while none of the strains harbored the bla-TEM or erm (42) genes. Conclusions: Of the two phenotypic methods, MIC values showed a stronger positive correlation with genotypic results, making it a more suitable method for determining antibiotic susceptibility. The phenotypic results for phenicols, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones showed a strong correlation with the detected resistance genes. In contrast, resistance to sulfamethoxazole, \u03b2-lactams, and macrolides remained genetically unexplained, suggesting the existence of additional resistance mechanisms to be explored.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14090906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T12:04:55Z","timestamp":1757505895000},"page":"906","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Phenotypic and Genotypic Antibiotic Susceptibility of Pasteurella multocida Isolated from Various Host Species in France and Hungary"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9297-3997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krisztina","family":"Pint\u00e9r","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, 1143 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1823-9971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianna","family":"Dom\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, 1143 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1229-1146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enik\u0151","family":"Wehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, 1143 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9983-2131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hubert","family":"Gantelet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ceva Biovac, 49070 Beaucouz\u00e9, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1632-8874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tibor","family":"Magyar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, 1143 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Adam, C., and Rutter, J.M. 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