{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T13:03:29Z","timestamp":1791205409575,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute appendicitis remains one of the most common surgical emergencies, with a lifetime incidence of approximately 7\u20138% in the USA and Europe. Despite the widespread adoption of the laparoscopic approach and advances made in perioperative care, post-operative infections\u2014particularly intra-abdominal abscesses\u2014continue to pose a substantial clinical challenge, with an overall probability that ranges from 5 to 15%. Nowadays, it is essential not only to improve patient outcomes by reducing these complications but also to promote responsible antibiotic use. This review provides an in-depth examination of post-appendectomy infections in adults, synthesizing research from the past decade. It explores the various risks involved, including those related to the patient, the disease itself, and the surgical techniques employed. There is particular emphasis on the impact of surgical approach, closure methods, timing of surgery, and intraoperative decisions such as drain placement, peritoneal lavage, and routine bacterial cultures. Part of the discussion is about emerging data regarding the use of antiseptic solutions and specimen retrieval techniques. Additionally, the review examines current approaches to managing postoperative intra-abdominal abscesses. It assesses when antibiotics are necessary, evaluates image-guided percutaneous drainage, and considers laparoscopic re-intervention as a possible solution. While recent studies offer valuable insights, the heterogeneity of available evidence highlights the pressing need for high-quality, standardized research. Ultimately, a deeper understanding of infection pathways and preventative strategies is vital\u2014not only for reducing morbidity and hospital readmissions, but also for safeguarding the long-term efficacy of antibiotics and delivering safer, more effective surgical care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14090954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T13:04:44Z","timestamp":1758546284000},"page":"954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Postoperative Infections After Appendectomy for Acute Appendicitis: The Surgeon\u2019s Checklist"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Martina","family":"Leandri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Pancreatic Surgery, The Pancreas Institute, University of Verona Hospital Trust, 37134 Verona, Italy"},{"name":"General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery Department, Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, 47521 Cesena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9523-1324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Vallicelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery Department, Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, 47521 Cesena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Santandrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery Department, Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, 47521 Cesena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6828-9339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Perrina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery Department, Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, 47521 Cesena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Bravi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Healthcare Administration, Santa Maria Delle Croci Hospital, 48121 Ravenna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Sartelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Macerata Hospital, 62100 Macerata, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Coccolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Ansaloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanni","family":"Agnoletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, 47521 Cesena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5558-9965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fausto","family":"Catena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery Department, Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, 47521 Cesena, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2019.6030","article-title":"Geographic Association Between Incidence of Acute Appendicitis and Socioeconomic Status","volume":"155","author":"Golz","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-014-3809-y","article-title":"Surgical site infection after laparoscopic and open appendectomy: A multicenter large consecutive cohort study","volume":"29","author":"Xiao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surg. 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