{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T13:21:49Z","timestamp":1791638509989,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences","award":["JXSNKYJCRC 202201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JXSNKYJCRC 202201"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences","award":["JXSNKYJCRC202449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JXSNKYJCRC202449"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences","award":["JXXTKYTJTS202505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JXXTKYTJTS202505"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences","award":["GJFP20240302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJFP20240302"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Collaborative Innovation","award":["JXSNKYJCRC 202201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JXSNKYJCRC 202201"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Collaborative Innovation","award":["JXSNKYJCRC202449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JXSNKYJCRC202449"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Collaborative Innovation","award":["JXXTKYTJTS202505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JXXTKYTJTS202505"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Collaborative Innovation","award":["GJFP20240302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJFP20240302"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People\u2019s Republic of China","award":["JXSNKYJCRC 202201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JXSNKYJCRC 202201"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People\u2019s Republic of China","award":["JXSNKYJCRC202449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JXSNKYJCRC202449"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People\u2019s Republic of China","award":["JXXTKYTJTS202505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JXXTKYTJTS202505"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People\u2019s Republic of China","award":["GJFP20240302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GJFP20240302"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: The Taihe Black-Boned Silky Fowl (TBSF) is a unique indigenous chicken breed in China, characterized by widespread melanin deposition throughout its body. Fluoroquinolones (FQs) such as enrofloxacin can persist in TBSF for an extended period exceeding 100 days. The aim of this study was to examine the current status and development trends of FQ resistance within the TBSF breeding environment. Methods: Whole-genome sequencing was utilized to identify the molecular presence of quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) mutations and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in Escherichia coli isolates obtained from TBSF farms. Network inference based on strong Spearman correlations (\u03c1 &gt; 0.5) and statistically significant associations (p-value &lt; 0.05) was applied to investigate the co-occurrence patterns among FQ residues, resistance phenotypes, and antibiotic resistance genes. Results: The results showed that FQ residues were identified as the primary contributor to FQ resistance in E. coli isolates. Mutations at QRDR sites were the predominant factor driving FQ resistance, rather than PMQR determinants. This study also reported the first identification of GyrA-S83Q mutation being associated with FQ resistance. Conclusions: It was concluded that E. coli strains in TBSF environments, where chickens have a long-term residual metabolic cycle of antimicrobials, may develop and evolve new mechanisms to adapt to this environment. Further research is warranted to investigate the evolution of FQ resistance in E. coli strains within TBSF environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14090955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T13:04:44Z","timestamp":1758546284000},"page":"955","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Resistance Mechanisms of Fluoroquinolone in Escherichia coli Isolated from Taihe Black-Boned Silky Fowl Exhibiting Abnormally Slow Fluoroquinolone Metabolism in Jiangxi, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9721-7973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China"},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, Nanchang 330200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7329-399X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengjun","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China"},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, Nanchang 330200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China"},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, Nanchang 330200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China"},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, Nanchang 330200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianjun","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China"},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, Nanchang 330200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiren","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China"},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, Nanchang 330200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1573-9487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiegen","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China"},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, Nanchang 330200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiushuang","family":"Ai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China"},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, Nanchang 330200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suyan","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agricultural Products Research, 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2024.2313024","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance: A global crisis, problems and solutions","volume":"50","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit. 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