{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T23:11:35Z","timestamp":1783465895041,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005668","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Distrito Federal","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Poultry companies must implement measures to sanitize hatching eggs and reduce the risk of bacterial infections associated with poultry management. Many of them use formaldehyde (FA) fumigation in their egg sanitization protocols, but its toxicity has led to recommendations for reducing its use. However, studies employing this approach with liquid FA solutions in poultry operations, particularly during the hatching egg sanitization stage, remain scarce. Our objective was to evaluate whether sprayable FA reduces bacterial contamination on eggshells and whether it causes changes in their physical properties based on the analysis of microstructure, percentage relative to egg weight, and thickness. FA solutions at 0.5, 1, and 2% inhibited bacterial growth in vitro and reduced the bacterial load on the eggshell surface while also causing severe damage to the shell structure. Our results suggest that companies using FA should be aware of the associated risks, as significant production losses may be linked to the shell damage caused by this compound.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14100972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T11:28:32Z","timestamp":1758886112000},"page":"972","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Bacterial Counts and Physical Properties of Hatching Eggshells Sprayed with a Formaldehyde Solution"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2948-6652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel da Silva","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70910-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Poultry Science, Federal Institute of Bras\u00edlia, Campus Planaltina, Bras\u00edlia 73380-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor Rafael Ribeiro","family":"Vale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Poultry Science, Federal Institute of Bras\u00edlia, Campus Planaltina, Bras\u00edlia 73380-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luana Maria","family":"de Jesus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Poultry Science, Federal Institute of Bras\u00edlia, Campus Planaltina, Bras\u00edlia 73380-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concepta","family":"McManus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 13416-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heloisa Alves de Figueiredo","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology and Food, Federal Institute of Bras\u00edlia, Campus Planaltina, Bras\u00edlia 73380-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0848-4850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula Gabriela da Silva","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Production and Health Postgraduate Program, Catarinense Federal Institute, Conc\u00f3rdia 89703-720, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6326-9803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luiz de Paula R\u00f4lo","family":"Jivago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1249-0230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vin\u00edcius Machado","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70910-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Poultry Science, Federal Institute of Bras\u00edlia, Campus Planaltina, Bras\u00edlia 73380-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"Efficacy of a Water-Based Disinfectant on Reduction of Eggshell Bacterial Contamination","volume":"28","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. 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