{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T19:52:40Z","timestamp":1775677960204,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Gastric cancer continues to pose a significant public health challenge, with its incidence influenced by various factors, including Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. In Lebanon, data on H. pylori prevalence and its associated risk factors remain limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection among Lebanese outpatients presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms undergoing gastroscopy, to explore correlations between the infection and demographic and clinical variables, and to evaluate the prevalence of associated conditions such as gastritis, duodenitis, and intestinal metaplasia. (2) Methods: Using a retrospective design, data from 786 patients admitted at a hospital in Beirut over a three-year period were extracted from records. (3) Results: The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 29.6% despite 91.5% of patients showing signs of gastritis on endoscopy. The infection showed significant associations with erosive gastritis, non-erosive gastritis, mosaic gastritis, as well as with both erosive and non-erosive duodenitis. No significant relationships were observed between H. pylori and demographic factors, atrophic, or nodular gastritis. (4) Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of targeted testing and early eradication of H. pylori to manage gastritis effectively and reduce the risk of progression to more serious gastric conditions in the Lebanese population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14101013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T08:10:31Z","timestamp":1760343031000},"page":"1013","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Endoscopic Findings of Helicobacter pylori Infection Among Lebanese Patients Undergoing Gastroscopy: A Retrospective Study from a Single Tertiary Center"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4808-7283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rim","family":"Boutari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 14-6573, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1984-7148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadeen","family":"Zayour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organized Research Unit, Al Zahraa Hospital University Medical Center (ZHUMC), Beirut P.O. Box 90-361, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8442-7026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Naji","family":"Hmedeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 14-6573, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana Khaled","family":"Bashashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 14-6573, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Assaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 14-6573, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0668-6648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jana","family":"Al Tahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 14-6573, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1993-8774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nancy","family":"Zrara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 14-6573, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nour","family":"Al-Mokdad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 14-6573, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Al Khatib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 14-6573, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abbas","family":"Zreik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 14-6573, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3095-6890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Akiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 14-6573, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bilal","family":"Hoteit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Badaro Endoscopic Center, Moarbes Hospital, Beirut P.O. Box 50-223, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7392-4835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maha","family":"Hoteit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organized Research Unit, Al Zahraa Hospital University Medical Center (ZHUMC), Beirut P.O. Box 90-361, Lebanon"},{"name":"PHENOL Research Program, Faculty of Public Health, Section 1, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon"},{"name":"Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus"},{"name":"INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Sant\u00e9 Publique, d\u2019\u00c9pid\u00e9miologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut 1100, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Sadek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organized Research Unit, Al Zahraa Hospital University Medical Center (ZHUMC), Beirut P.O. Box 90-361, Lebanon"},{"name":"Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573-1, Lebanon"},{"name":"Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Public Health, Islamic University of Lebanon, Khaldeh P.O. Box 30014, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6679-2296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Tzenios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Public Health, Charisma University, London EC1V 7QE, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7029-0654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Hallal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 14-6573, Lebanon"},{"name":"Badaro Endoscopic Center, Moarbes Hospital, Beirut P.O. Box 50-223, Lebanon"},{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Al Zahraa Hospital University Medical Center (ZHUMC), Beirut P.O. Box 90-361, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31288-5","article-title":"Gastric cancer","volume":"396","author":"Smyth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.07.045","article-title":"Burden of gastric cancer","volume":"18","author":"Thrift","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1007\/s12029-020-00533-6","article-title":"Epidemiology of gastric cancer in North Africa and the Middle East from 1990 to 2017","volume":"52","author":"Ramazani","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. 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