{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T01:04:53Z","timestamp":1794013493930,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fracture-related infections (FRIs) represent a significant complication in orthopedic trauma care, often leading to delayed bone healing, prolonged hospital stays, and increased patient morbidity. Pathogenesis involves microbial contamination during injury or surgery, compounded by patient-related risk factors such as diabetes, smoking, or immunosuppression. Diagnosis of FRI relies on a combination of clinical, radiological, and microbiological criteria. Common signs include persistent pain, swelling, erythema, purulent discharge, and non-union of the fracture. FRIs are classified based on the timing of infection onset into acute, delayed, and chronic forms, each requiring tailored management strategies. Treatment generally involves aggressive surgical debridement, possible hardware removal or retention, and targeted antibiotic therapy. In cases of severe tissue loss, reconstructive procedures may be necessary to restore bone and soft tissue integrity. Treatment strategies include early administration of prophylactic antibiotics, meticulous surgical technique, and timely soft tissue coverage in open fractures. A multidisciplinary approach involving orthopedic surgeons, infectious disease specialists, and microbiologists is essential for successful management. Early recognition and appropriate intervention are crucial to improving outcomes and minimizing long-term disability in patients with fracture-related infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14111095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T13:15:14Z","timestamp":1762175714000},"page":"1095","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Fracture-Related Infections: Current Status and Perspectives from the International Society of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3555-951X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Lourtet-Hasco\u00ebt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Infection et Inflammation, INSERM L2i, UFR des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9 Simone Veil, 78180 Montigny Le Bretonneux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0512-4710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Bonnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Regional d\u2019Antibiotherapie, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1292-3040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Spera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Salerno, 84121 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiziana","family":"Ascione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, AORN dei Colli, 80100 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308442, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvano","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Salerno, 84121 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8109-0655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pasquale","family":"Pagliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, AORN dei Colli, 80100 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Scobie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London NW3 2QG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1184-4711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serhat","family":"\u00dcnal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00e9rard","family":"Giordano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic Surgery Department, Joseph Ducuing Hospital, 31300 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0123-0302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kordo","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Innovation and Research Unit (MIRU), Microbiology Department, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra035415","article-title":"Treatment of Infections Associated with Surgical Implants","volume":"350","author":"Darouiche","year":"2004","journal-title":"N. 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