{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T22:45:04Z","timestamp":1786401904989,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["32473124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32473124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity of China","award":["SKLPBS2449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLPBS2449"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, China","award":["XKQ2025003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XKQ2025003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: In an era of increasing bacterial resistance, Enterococcus, as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes, poses a serious threat to public health. Methods: This study conducted antibiotic susceptibility tests, whole-genome sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis on 89 Enterococcus isolates from chickens, pigs, cattle, and sheep in Ningxia Autonomous Region. Results: The resistance rates of Enterococcus to clindamycin, cefoxitin, sulfamethoxazole, and tamoxifen were all above 95%, and 96.6% (86\/89) of the isolates were multi-antibiotic resistant. There were significant differences in resistance phenotypes among different species, with Enterococcus from pigs showing significantly higher resistance than those from other animals. optrA was commonly found in Enterococcus from pigs, accounting for 61.5% (8\/13). ST480, ST16, ST116, and ST300 were the main MLST types, and ST16 was one of the important pathogenic Enterococcus types. Conclusions: The study revealed the occurrence of inter-species transmission events of Enterococcus. In conclusion, this study comprehensively described the resistance spectrum, sequence characteristics, and transmission features of resistance genes in Enterococcus isolated from farm animals, and emphasized the possibility of the spread of resistance genes carried by Enterococcus from farm animals to humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14111137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T08:57:55Z","timestamp":1762765075000},"page":"1137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Genomic Characterization of Multiple Antibiotic-Resistant Enterococcus in Farm Animals in Ningxia Province, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Haoyu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Xianyang 712100, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Major Ruminant Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xianyang 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningxia Supervision Institute for Veterinary Drugs and Animal Feedstuffs, Yinchuan 750004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianran","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Xianyang 712100, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Major Ruminant Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xianyang 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Likun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Xianyang 712100, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Major Ruminant Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xianyang 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengling","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningxia Supervision Institute for Veterinary Drugs and Animal Feedstuffs, Yinchuan 750004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengli","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultura Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huafang","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultura Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yating","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningxia Supervision Institute for Veterinary Drugs and Animal Feedstuffs, Yinchuan 750004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weimin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Xianyang 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningxia Supervision Institute for Veterinary Drugs and Animal Feedstuffs, Yinchuan 750004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zengqi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Xianyang 712100, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Major Ruminant Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xianyang 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningxia Supervision Institute for Veterinary Drugs and Animal Feedstuffs, Yinchuan 750004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Xianyang 712100, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Major Ruminant Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xianyang 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.ARBA-0032-2018","article-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococcus spp. of animal origin","volume":"6","author":"Torres","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiol. 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