{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T13:00:28Z","timestamp":1763730028596,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006182","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o do Esp\u00edrito Santo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["139\/2021 2021-WTG95","551\/2023 P 2023-RH7P2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["139\/2021 2021-WTG95","551\/2023 P 2023-RH7P2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006182","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23\/12947-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23\/12947-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["304905\/2022-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304905\/2022-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88887.824722\/2023-00","Finance code 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.824722\/2023-00","Finance code 001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are difficult to treat and increase the risk of death in animals. This report describes a fatal case of diarrhea in a horse that, despite intensive treatment including surgery and broad-spectrum antimicrobials (ceftiofur and amikacin), experienced a worsening of its condition and subsequent death. Methods: A fecal swab sample was subjected to microbiological culture for the identification of bacteria and assessment of their phenotypical antimicrobial susceptibility profiles using the disk-diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The double-disk synergy test, polymerase chain reactions for the detection of genes encoding extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases, and whole-genome sequence-based analysis were also performed. Results: Strains of Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli were isolated, with the E. coli strain DSL-HVUVV-2025 presenting resistance to a third-generation cephalosporin. Accordingly, the blaCTX-M-2 gene was identified in the DSL-HVUVV-2025 strain, which was submitted to whole-genome sequencing. Genomic analysis showed several antimicrobial resistance determinants, as well as virulence genes, including those associated with the enteroaggregative pathotype. The blaCTX-M-2 gene was surrounded by an ISCR1 element and embedded in a complex class 1 integron that is part of the Tn7337 transposon. Strain DSL-HVUVV-2025 belonged to a novel sequence type. Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of monitoring antimicrobial resistance and performing genomic characterization of bacteria involved in equine diarrhea to guide effective clinical management in veterinary hospitals. It also reinforces the role of horses as potential carriers of WHO critical priority pathogens and the need for responsible antimicrobial use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14121185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T12:41:58Z","timestamp":1763728918000},"page":"1185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antimicrobial-Resistant Enteric Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from a Fatal Diarrhea in a Horse: Genomic Characterization of CTX-M-2-Producing Escherichia coli"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7967-7628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel Augusto Marques","family":"Rossi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Vila Velha (UVV), Av. Comiss\u00e1rio Jos\u00e9 Dantas de Melo, n.21, Vila Velha 29102-920, ES, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4725-0125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1bio Parra","family":"Sellera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Metropolitan University of Santos, Santos 11045-002, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0390-3240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina Magri","family":"Ferraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Vila Velha (UVV), Av. Comiss\u00e1rio Jos\u00e9 Dantas de Melo, n.21, Vila Velha 29102-920, ES, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renan Silva de","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Vila Velha (UVV), Av. Comiss\u00e1rio Jos\u00e9 Dantas de Melo, n.21, Vila Velha 29102-920, ES, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7406-5999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alvaro de Paula Lage de","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Vila Velha (UVV), Av. Comiss\u00e1rio Jos\u00e9 Dantas de Melo, n.21, Vila Velha 29102-920, ES, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camila Angela","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Vila Velha (UVV), Av. Comiss\u00e1rio Jos\u00e9 Dantas de Melo, n.21, Vila Velha 29102-920, ES, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enzo Bernardes Rocha","family":"F\u00e1varo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Vila Velha (UVV), Av. Comiss\u00e1rio Jos\u00e9 Dantas de Melo, n.21, Vila Velha 29102-920, ES, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael da Silva","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 19040-903, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4982-4226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leandro Augusto Mariano","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marita Vedovelli","family":"Cardozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4362-3203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliana Guedes","family":"Stehling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 19040-903, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2516-1129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Pedro Rueda","family":"Furlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387211057469","article-title":"Bacterial and viral enterocolitis in horses: A review","volume":"34","author":"Uzal","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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