{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:31:15Z","timestamp":1787027475354,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,23]],"date-time":"2025-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Santen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health threat. In patients undergoing cataract surgery, AMR complicates infection control, particularly efforts to reduce the risk of endophthalmitis\u2014a rare but severe postoperative complication. This article reviews country-specific strategies for endophthalmitis prevention, focusing on antimicrobial use. Methods: Ophthalmology experts from 10 countries contributed national perspectives on infection prevention. Official guidelines served as the primary basis for analysis; when unavailable, expert opinion and routine clinical practice were considered. Results: Routine preoperative antibiotic use is uncommon in 6 out of 10 countries. Instead, artificial tears and bacteriostatic or bactericidal treatments are frequently employed. One country allows optional antibiotic use, while 3 include it in routine preoperative care. For intraoperative management, antisepsis with 5\u201310% povidone-iodine is standard practice in 9 countries. Intracameral cefuroxime (typically 1 mg\/0.1 mL) is widely used in 7 countries and considered essential in most countries. Postoperatively, broad-spectrum topical antibiotics, primarily fluoroquinolones, are typically prescribed, often as fixed-dose combinations with corticosteroids (8 countries), although duration and regimens vary. Conclusions: Despite national differences, povidone-iodine, intracameral cefuroxime, and topical fluoroquinolones are widely used. Preoperative antibiotic use varies, while postoperative regimens are more consistent. These practices reflect local AMR patterns, regulations, and available healthcare resources. Although broad-spectrum agents are generally preferred, they raise concerns about resistance. Tailoring prophylactic strategies to local microbiological profiles and limiting the duration of antibiotic therapy are key to balancing efficacy and stewardship. An individualized, evidence-based approach is essential to reduce endophthalmitis risk and address AMR challenges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14121192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T09:02:07Z","timestamp":1763974927000},"page":"1192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Country-Specific Approaches to Preventing Infections in Cataract Surgery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7152-2613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario Damiano","family":"Toro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland"},{"name":"Eye Clinic, Public Health Department, Federico II University, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4189-6571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alina","family":"Popa-Cherecheanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophtalmology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9794-2277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nora","family":"Majtanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Slovak Medical University and University Hospital in Bratislava, 85107 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n","family":"Rus\u0148\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital in Pilsen, 32300 Prague, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Center of Eye Microsurgery Ofta, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2410-5128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikoloz","family":"Labauri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DAVINCI Eye Clinic, 0194 Tbilisi, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3001-9904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir","family":"Pfiefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Hospital, University Clinical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolai","family":"Dakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4870-9479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00e1bor","family":"N\u00e9meth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Methodology, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2748-8679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vahe","family":"Nanyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanyan Eye Microsurgery Center, Yerevan 0054, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1634-0387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izabela","family":"Korona-G\u0142owniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3321-2723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Rejdak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0","article-title":"Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: A systematic analysis","volume":"399","author":"Murray","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"GBD 2021 Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators (2024). 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