{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T00:00:03Z","timestamp":1793145603917,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This study investigated the phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance profiles of 50 Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) strains\u201425 Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and 25 Lacticaseibacillus paracasei\u2014isolated from traditional Sardinian fermented foods of animal origin. Methods: The sensitivity of the isolates to antibiotics such as \u03b2-lactams, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, macrolides, phenicols, and glycopeptides was initially assessed using disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests. Subsequently, PCR analyses were performed on both genomic DNA and plasmid DNA to detect blaZ, tet(W), strA, aac(6\u2032)-Ie\u2013aph(2\u2033)-Ia, and vanX genes associated with resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin, gentamicin, and vancomycin. Results: The analysis revealed that L. plantarum strains frequently carried the tet(W) gene on the chromosome and strA on plasmids, while vanX was detected in most strains as a chromosomal determinant. By contrast, L. paracasei strains exhibited a predominantly plasmid-mediated distribution of resistance genes. For example, strA, aac(6\u2032)-Ie\u2013aph(2\u2033)-Ia and blaZ were often found on plasmids, whereas vanX remained chromosomally encoded. Phenotypic assays confirmed high intrinsic resistance to vancomycin in both species, with L. plantarum showing a higher overall frequency and diversity of resistant phenotypes compared to L. paracasei. Conclusions: The co-occurrence of multiple resistance determinants, including plasmid-encoded ones, in most strains suggests that even autochthonous isolates from artisanal products may represent potential reservoirs for transmissible resistance genes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics15010018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T11:43:31Z","timestamp":1766403811000},"page":"18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Occurrence of Antibiotic Resistance in Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains Isolated from Traditional Sardinian Fermented Food"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5624-1805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gavino","family":"Carboni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria E.","family":"Mura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margherita","family":"Chessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2174-8259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Blaiotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Universit\u00e0 100, 80055 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9807-0626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Nudda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0619-462X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicoletta P.","family":"Mangia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dhingra, S., Rahman, N.A.A., Peile, E., Rahman, M., Sartelli, M., Hassali, M.A., Islam, T., Islam, S., and Haque, M. 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