{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T20:27:44Z","timestamp":1793132864382,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background:\u00a0Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an intrinsically multidrug-resistant, biofilm- forming, non-fermenter increasingly implicated in hospital-acquired infections. Evidence from non-cystic fibrosis populations, especially in the Middle East, remains sparse. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study at a tertiary academic center (Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia) spanning 1 May 2001\u201330 April 2023. Hospitalized adults (\u226518 years) with culture-confirmed, clinically diagnosed S. maltophilia infection and \u226572 h of antibiotic therapy were included. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality (14-day, 30-day, 1-year). Secondary outcomes were clinical response, microbiological eradication, and infection recurrence. Predictors of 30-day mortality were assessed using multivariable logistic regression; 14-day mortality was analyzed by Kaplan\u2013Meier\/log-rank according to susceptibility-guided versus alternative therapy. Results: Of 539 patients with positive cultures, 436 met the inclusion criteria. Mean age was 60.5 \u00b1 19.3 years; 62.2% were male. Most infections were hospital-acquired (92.9%); pneumonia composed 64.7% and bloodstream infection 15.4%. Polymicrobial growth occurred in 55.5% (predominantly Gram-negative co-isolation). Susceptibility was 95.1% to trimethoprim\u2013sulfamethoxazole, 76.4% to levofloxacin, and 43.6% to ceftazidime. Mortality at 14 days, 30 days, and 1 year was 22.8%, 37.9%, and 57.2%, respectively. On multivariable modelling, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia independently predicted 30-day mortality. Susceptibility-guided therapy was associated with improved 14-day survival (log-rank p = 0.033). Conclusions: In this large, long-running non-cystic fibrosis cohort, host acuity and early alignment of treatment to susceptibility data were dominant drivers of outcome. High polymicrobial burden and limited reliably active agents underscore the need for meticulous stewardship, robust infection prevention, and cautious interpretation of S. maltophilia antimicrobial susceptibility testing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics15010042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T11:11:46Z","timestamp":1767352306000},"page":"42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Other Face of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in Hospitalized Patients: Insights from over Two Decades of Non-Cystic Fibrosis Cohort"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4646-6717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marwan Jabr","family":"Alwazzeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5105-6002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amani","family":"Alnimr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, King Fahad Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara M.","family":"Alwarthan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mashael","family":"Alhajri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jumanah","family":"Algazaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2372-9462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bashayer M.","family":"AlShehail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Practice Department, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9668-4851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah H.","family":"Alnasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8541-981X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Tahir","family":"Alwail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Komail Mohammed","family":"Alramadhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2981-3165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah Yousef","family":"Alramadan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5068-7191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faisal Abdulaziz","family":"Almulhim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5597-9781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghayah Ahmed","family":"Almulhim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1564-1890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jawad ur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9807-4870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Taha","family":"Al-Hariri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e14639","article-title":"Versatility of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: Ecological Roles of RND Efflux Pumps","volume":"9","author":"Chauviat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00030-19","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00030-19","article-title":"Advances in the Microbiology of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia","volume":"34","author":"Brooke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-6553(99)70077-5","article-title":"Faucet Aerators: A Source of Patient Colonization with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia","volume":"27","author":"Weber","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Infect. Control"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.1.57","article-title":"Microbiological and Clinical Aspects of Infection Associated with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia","volume":"11","author":"Denton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, Y.-T., Lin, C.-Y., Chen, Y.-H., and Hsueh, P.-R. (2015). Update on Infections Caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia with Particular Attention to Resistance Mechanisms and Therapeutic Options. Front. Microbiol., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00893"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14459","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-65509-z","article-title":"Temporal Analysis of Prevalence and Antibiotic-Resistance Patterns in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Clinical Isolates in a 19-Year Retrospective Study","volume":"14","author":"AlFonaisan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.09.84","article-title":"Attributable Mortality of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Infections: A Systematic Review of the Literature","volume":"4","author":"Falagas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2024.195","article-title":"Say It Ain\u2019t Steno: A Microbiology Nudge Comment Leads to Less Treatment of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Respiratory Colonization","volume":"46","author":"Boettcher","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-007-0279-3","article-title":"Antimicrobial Therapy for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Infections","volume":"26","author":"Nicodemo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e46","DOI":"10.1590\/s1678-9946202466046","article-title":"Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Outbreak in a University Hospital: Epidemiological Investigation and Literature Review of an Emerging Healthcare-Associated Infection","volume":"66","author":"Erinmez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2020.1730178","article-title":"Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: A Review of Current Knowledge","volume":"18","author":"Blanco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Anti-Infect. Ther."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez, M.B. (2015). Antibiotic Resistance in the Opportunistic Pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Front. Microbiol., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00658"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Banar, M., Sattari-Maraji, A., Bayatinejad, G., Ebrahimi, E., Jabalameli, L., Beigverdi, R., Emaneini, M., and Jabalameli, F. (2023). Global Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1163439"},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"CLSI (2025). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. [35th ed.]. CLSI supplement M100."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tamma, P.D., Heil, E.L., Justo, J.A., Mathers, A.J., Satlin, M.J., and Bonomo, R.A. (Clin. Infect. Dis., 2024). Infectious Diseases Society of America 2024 Guidance on the Treatment of Antimicrobial-Resistant Gram-Negative Infections, Clin. Infect. Dis., online ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae403"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116664","article-title":"Mortality Rates and Risk Factors Associated with Mortality in Patients with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Primary Bacteraemia and Pneumonia","volume":"111","author":"Hasbek","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S104","DOI":"10.1086\/320183","article-title":"Emerging Importance of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter Species and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia as Pathogens in Seriously Ill Patients: Geographic Patterns, Epidemiological Features, and Trends in the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (1997\u20131999)","volume":"32","author":"Gales","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.36519\/idcm.2022.173","article-title":"Risk Factors for Mortality in Patients with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Bloodstream Infections in Immunocompetent Patients","volume":"4","author":"Kaya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2012.08.014","article-title":"Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Bloodstream Infection: Comparison between Community-Onset and Hospital-Acquired Infections","volume":"47","author":"Chang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S253949","article-title":"Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Infections: Clinical Characteristics and Factors Associated with Mortality of Hospitalized Patients","volume":"13","author":"Insuwanno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-024-01411-7","article-title":"Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections in Surgical Intensive Care Unit Patients Following Abdominal Surgery: High Mortality Associated with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Infection","volume":"13","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000003845","article-title":"Risk Factors for Infection and Mortality Associated with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Bloodstream Infections in Children; Comparison with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bloodstream Infections","volume":"42","author":"Bilen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Rong, H., Guo, Z., Xu, J., and Huang, X. (2022). Risk Factors of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front. Public Health, 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1035812"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s40780-025-00429-2","article-title":"Risk Factors and Clinical Characteristics for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Infection in an Acute Care Hospital in Japan: A Single-Center Retrospective Study","volume":"11","author":"Tanuma","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Health Care Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-023-05320-4","article-title":"Risk Factors and Outcome of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Infection after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: JSTCT, Transplant Complications Working Group","volume":"102","author":"Saburi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pompilio, A., Crocetta, V., De Nicola, S., Verginelli, F., Fiscarelli, E., and Di Bonaventura, G. (2015). Cooperative Pathogenicity in Cystic Fibrosis: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Modulates Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Virulence in Mixed Biofilm. Front. Microbiol., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00951"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.56.6141","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Bacteremia: A Regional Report and a Review of a Japanese Case Series","volume":"56","author":"Ebara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gezer, Y., Tay\u015fi, M.R., Tarak\u00e7\u0131, A., G\u00f6k\u00e7e, \u00d6., Danac\u0131, G., Altun\u0131\u015f\u0131k Toplu, S., Erdal Karaka\u015f, E., Alkan, S., Kuyug\u00f6z G\u00fclbudak, S., and \u015eahino\u011flu, M.S. (2024). Evaluation of Clinical Outcomes and Risk Factors Associated with Mortality in Patients with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Bloodstream Infection: A Multicenter Study. BMC Infect. Dis., 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-10293-4"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanchanasuwan, S., Rongmuang, J., Siripaitoon, P., Kositpantawong, N., Charoenmak, B., Hortiwakul, T., Nwabor, O.F., and Chusri, S. (2022). Clinical Characteristics, Outcomes, and Risk Factors for Mortality in Patients with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Bacteremia. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11113085"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1757413","article-title":"Infection Trends, Susceptibility Pattern, and Treatment Options for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Infections in Trauma Patients: A Retrospective Study","volume":"15","author":"Srivastava","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Lab. Physicians"},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Hirsch, E.B., Alby, K., and Bryson, A.L. (2025). Updates to Susceptibility Breakpoints for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. CLSI AST News Update, 10, Available online: https:\/\/clsi.org\/resources\/insights\/updates-to-susceptibility-breakpoints-for-stenotrophomonas-maltophilia\/."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.10.025","article-title":"Treatment, Clinical Outcomes, and Predictors of Mortality among a National Cohort of Hospitalized Patients with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Infection","volume":"214","author":"Appaneal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-025-02512-0","article-title":"Clinical and Microbiologic Outcomes of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Bloodstream Infections","volume":"53","author":"Shah","year":"2025","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V37N10p826","article-title":"Independent Predictors for Mortality in Patients with Positive Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Cultures","volume":"37","author":"Kwa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Acad. Med. Singap."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2023.106878","article-title":"In Vitro Susceptibilities of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Isolates to Antimicrobial Agents Commonly Used for Related Infections: Results from the Antimicrobial Testing Leadership and Surveillance (ATLAS) Program, 2004\u20132020","volume":"62","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00654-21","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00654-21","article-title":"Evaluation of the Vitek 2, Phoenix, and MicroScan for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia","volume":"59","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4375","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004375","article-title":"Risk Factors for Mortality in Patients with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Bacteremia","volume":"95","author":"Jeon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3392","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-28438-x","article-title":"Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Pneumonia in Critical COVID-19 Patients","volume":"13","author":"Raad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2024.2324365","article-title":"Risk Factors for Mortality in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Bacteremia\u2014A Meta-Analysis","volume":"56","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"e86294","article-title":"Determinants of Clinical Cure and Mortality in Patients with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Infections: A Retrospective Analysis","volume":"17","author":"Costa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2008.05.020","article-title":"Risk Factors Associated with Mortality of Infections Caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: A Systematic Review","volume":"70","author":"Paez","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, E.J., Kim, Y.C., Ahn, J.Y., Jeong, S.J., Ku, N.S., Choi, J.Y., Yeom, J.-S., and Song, Y.G. (2019). Risk Factors for Mortality in Patients with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Bacteremia and Clinical Impact of Quinolone-Resistant Strains. BMC Infect. Dis., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4394-4"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3881","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S371129","article-title":"Risk Factors for Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Bacteremia","volume":"15","author":"Jian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.31.4.338","article-title":"Clinical and Microbiologic Outcomes in Trauma Patients Treated for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia","volume":"31","author":"Czosnowski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaf024","article-title":"Comparison of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole versus Minocycline Monotherapy for Treatment of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Pneumonia","volume":"80","author":"Graves","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El Nekidy, W.S., Al Zaman, K., Abidi, E., Alrahmany, D., Ghazi, I.M., El Lababidi, R., Mooty, M., Hijazi, F., Ghosn, M., and Askalany, M. (2024). Clinical Outcomes of Trimethoprim\/Sulfamethoxazole in Critically Ill Patients with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Bacteremia and Pneumonia Utilizing Renal Replacement Therapies. J. Clin. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13082275"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00788-19","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00788-19","article-title":"Clinical and Microbiologic Outcomes in Patients with Monomicrobial Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Infections","volume":"63","author":"Nys","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"101130","article-title":"Description, Clinical Impact and Early Outcome of S. Maltophilia Respiratory Tract Infections after Lung Transplantation, A Retrospective Observational Study","volume":"86","author":"Pilmis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Respir. Med. Res."}],"container-title":["Antibiotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/15\/1\/42\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T11:38:36Z","timestamp":1767353916000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/15\/1\/42"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["antibiotics15010042"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics15010042","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-6382"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-6382","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}}}