{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T13:07:48Z","timestamp":1767791268433,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a malignancy of the immune system that includes several subtypes, most commonly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma. Its etiology is multifactorial, with risk factors such as immunosuppressive therapy, infections, chemical exposure, and advanced age. A key aspect is the bidirectional relationship between lymphoma and immunodeficiency, which increases susceptibility to recurrent infections and complicates disease management. Case presentation: One particularly challenging case during the COVID-19 pandemic involved a patient with a personal history of diffuse B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, diagnosed 5 years earlier, who had undergone eight cycles of rituximab-based chemotherapy. The patient tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 for three consecutive months and experienced repeated urinary tract infections warranting more in-depth investigations. The uniqueness of this case lies in the rare association of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, suspected post-rituximab immunodeficiency, severe COVID-19 infection, and recurrent urinary tract infections, which complicated clinical management. Despite appropriate treatment for both respiratory and urinary infections, as well as eight cycles of chemotherapy, the patient\u2019s condition continued to deteriorate significantly, ultimately requiring intravenous immunoglobulin replacement therapy. Following the treatment, the patient presented a remarkable clinical improvement, with resolution of the signs and symptoms, and an absence of further recurrent infections. The patient remained clinically stable under regular immunoglobulin replacement therapy, with sustained infection control and improved quality of life. Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of assessing immune status in patients with a hematological malignancy, especially when recurrent infections persist.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics15010048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T12:38:56Z","timestamp":1767616736000},"page":"48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in a Patient with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma and Severe COVID-19: A Single Case of Suspected Immunosuppression Where Antibacterial Therapy Was Not Enough"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Paula Irina","family":"Barata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, \u201cVasile Goldis\u201d Western University of Arad, Blvd. Revolutiei, No. 96, 310025 Arad, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liana Maria","family":"Chicea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department II Medical Clinic, \u201cVictor Papilian\u201d Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550024 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Academic Emergency Hospital, 550245 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irena","family":"Nedelea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergology and Immunology, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen Nicoleta","family":"Strauti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioclinica Medical Analysis Laboratory, 310300 Arad, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Deleanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergology and Immunology, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Daniela","family":"Mo\u021b","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, \u201cVasile Goldis\u201d Western University of Arad, Blvd. Revolutiei, No. 96, 310025 Arad, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Coralia","family":"Cotoraci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Hematology Department, \u201cVasile Goldis\u201d Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"Oancea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Innovation in Precision Medicine of Respiratory Diseases, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-89123-9","article-title":"Burden of multi-drug resistant bacterial isolates and its associated risk factors among UTI-confirmed geriatrics in Gondar town","volume":"15","author":"Bitew","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. 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