{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:53:55Z","timestamp":1790009635668,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen frequently implicated in healthcare-associated infections, particularly ventilator-associated pneumonia and other device-related infections. The global emergence of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (CRPA) represents a major clinical challenge due to its limited therapeutic options and high mortality rates. Methods: Relevant clinical data were obtained from medical records. Isolates were identified via 16S PCR, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Vitek2 Compact system following CLSI guidelines. Carbapenemase genes (blaGES, blaKPC, blaIMP, blaNDM, blaVIM) were detected via PCR. Clonal relationships were determined via RAPD-PCR, and some sequence types were assigned according to the global P. aeruginosa MLST database. Results: In this study, 40 non-duplicate CRPA isolates were collected from 35 patients in a tertiary-care hospital in Mexico. Most isolates originated from adult patients, predominantly from tracheal aspirates (32.5%) and urine cultures (25.0%). Mechanical ventilation was the most common invasive device associated with infection, and the overall mortality rate reached 14.3%. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that 95% of isolates exhibited a multidrug-resistant phenotype, with high resistance rates to ciprofloxacin (70.0%) and \u03b2-lactams. Carbapenemase genes were detected in 55% of isolates, mainly blaIMP, blaGES, and blaVIM, either alone or in combination. Notably, this is the first report of ST309 (blaIMP), ST411 (blaGES + blaIMP), and ST167 (blaGES +\u00a0blaVIM) carrying carbapenemase genes in Mexico. Conclusions: These findings highlight the persistence and genetic diversity of CRPA circulating in hospital settings and emphasize the urgent need for strengthened genomic surveillance and infection control programs to prevent the spread of these high-risk multidrug-resistant clones.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics15010102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T11:27:58Z","timestamp":1768908478000},"page":"102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Molecular Epidemiology of Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Before the COVID-19 Pandemic: Resistance Profiles and Clonality in a Tertiary-Care Hospital"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6548-4323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra\u00fal Eduardo","family":"Loredo-Puerta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78210, Mexico"},{"name":"Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Av. Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07360, Mexico"},{"name":"Clinical Laboratory, Dalinde Medical Center, Tuxpan 25, Col. Roma, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 06760, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Perla","family":"Ni\u00f1o-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78210, Mexico"},{"name":"Center for Research in Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Col. Lomas de San Luis, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78210, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9963-3652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra\u00fal Alejandro","family":"Atriano-Briano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78210, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katy Lizbeth","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Alaniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Unit for Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78210, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nubia","family":"Baltazar-Benitez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78210, Mexico"},{"name":"Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed, Ni\u00f1o Artillero 150, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78240, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Fernando","family":"P\u00e9rez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Regional High Specialty Hospital \u201cDr. Ignacio Morones Prieto\u201d, Av. Venustiano Carranza 2395, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78290, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5666-4197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica Luc\u00eda","family":"Acebo-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed, Ni\u00f1o Artillero 150, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78240, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana Berenice","family":"Rousset-Rom\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed, Ni\u00f1o Artillero 150, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78240, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9028-442X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edgar A.","family":"Turrubiartes-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78210, Mexico"},{"name":"Center for Research in Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Col. Lomas de San Luis, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78210, Mexico"},{"name":"Innovation Unit for Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78210, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raoofi, S., Pashazadeh Kan, F., Rafiei, S., Hosseinipalangi, Z., Noorani Mejareh, Z., Khani, S., Abdollahi, B., Seyghalani Talab, F., Sanaei, M., and Zarabi, F. (2023). Global prevalence of nosocomial infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0274248"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S177247","article-title":"Health care-associated infections\u2014An overview","volume":"11","author":"Haque","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moradali, M.F., Ghods, S., and Rehm, B.H.A. (2017). Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lifestyle: A Paradigm for Adaptation, Survival, and Persistence. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00039"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10071-24465","article-title":"Early- vs Late-onset Ventilator-associated Pneumonia in Critically Ill Adults: Comparison of Risk Factors, Outcome, and Microbial Profile","volume":"27","author":"Gunalan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000000184","article-title":"Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in intensive care units increase mortality as an emerging global threat","volume":"109","author":"Saravanan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8707245","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/8707245","article-title":"Healthcare-Associated Infections\u2019 Characteristics Among Burn Patients and Risk Factors of Mortality: A Study Based on Data From a Tertiary Center in Iran","volume":"2024","author":"Mozafari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Can. J. Infect. Dis. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e20561","article-title":"The burden of hospital acquired infections and antimicrobial resistance","volume":"9","author":"Abban","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12342","article-title":"Global dissemination of extensively drug-resistant carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: Clinical perspectives on detection, treatment and infection control","volume":"277","author":"Giske","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2017). Prioritization of Pathogens to Guide Discovery, Research and Development of New Antibiotics for Drug-Resistant Bacterial Infections, Including Tuberculosis, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024). WHO Bacterial Priority Pathogens List, 2024: Bacterial Pathogens of Public Health Importance to Guide Research, Development and Strategies to Prevent and Control Antimicrobial Resistance, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e159","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(22)00329-9","article-title":"Global epidemiology and clinical outcomes of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and associated carbapenemases (POP): A prospective cohort study","volume":"4","author":"Reyes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2015.08.002","article-title":"The increasing threat of Pseudomonas aeruginosa high-risk clones","volume":"21\u201322","author":"Oliver","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Resist. Updates"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.106196","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa epidemic high-risk clones and their association with horizontally-acquired \u03b2-lactamases: 2020 update","volume":"56","author":"Oliver","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2024.07.003","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa epidemic high-risk clones and their association with multidrug-resistant","volume":"38","author":"Zurita","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00474-2","article-title":"Access to effective antimicrobials: A worldwide challenge","volume":"387","author":"Laxminarayan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku497","article-title":"An international cross-sectional survey of antimicrobial stewardship programmes in hospitals","volume":"70","author":"Howard","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martinez-Guerra, B.A., Gonzalez-Lara, M.F., de-Leon-Cividanes, N.A., Tamez-Torres, K.M., Roman-Montes, C.M., Rajme-Lopez, S., Villalobos-Zapata, G.I., Lopez-Garcia, N.I., Mart\u00ednez-Gamboa, A., and Sifuentes-Osornio, J. (2021). Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Antibiotic Use during Hospital Conversion in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Antibiotics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10020182"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rojas-Larios, F., Mart\u00ednez-Guerra, B.A., L\u00f3pez-J\u00e1come, L.E., Bolado-Mart\u00ednez, E., V\u00e1zquez-Larios Mdel, R., Vel\u00e1zquez-Acosta Mdel, C., Romero-Romero, D., Mireles-D\u00e1valos, C.D., Quintana-Ponce, S., and Feliciano-Guzm\u00e1n, J.M. (2023). Active Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance and Carbapenemase-Encoding Genes According to Sites of Care and Age Groups in Mexico: Results from the INVIFAR Network. Pathogens, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12091144"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.10953","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance, virulence factors and genotyping of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in public hospitals of northeastern Mexico","volume":"13","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dev. Ctries."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gerges, J.R., Barada, S., Hussein, H., Sleiman, A., Jabbour, Z., El Rida, F., Kurdi, A., Matar, G., Araj, G., and Abou Fayad, A. (2025). Molecular Epidemiology of Carbapenem-Resistant P. aeruginosa and Enterobacterales Isolates from Clinical Infections and Their Susceptibility to Ceftazidime\u2013Avibactam. Microorganisms, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13092015"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, Y., Chen, D., Ji, B., Zhang, X., Anbo, M., and Jelsbak, L. (2023). Whole-genome sequencing reveals high-risk clones of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Guangdong, China. Front. Microbiol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1117017"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"101184","article-title":"Epidemiology, risk factors and prognosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia during severe COVID-19: Multicenter observational study across 149 European Intensive Care Units","volume":"42","author":"Garnier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anaesth. Crit. Care Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.11.023","article-title":"The global epidemiology of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"139","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.glohj.2023.07.005","article-title":"Association of \u03b2-lactam antimicrobial\u2019s exposure with carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection: A cumulative meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Deshwal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Glob. Health J."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garza-Gonz\u00e1lez, E., Bocanegra-Ibarias, P., Bobadilla-Del-Valle, M., Alfredo Ponce-De-Le\u00f3n-Gardu\u00f1o, L., Esteban-Kenel, V., Silva-S\u00e1nchez, J., Garza-Ramos, U., Barrios-Camacho, H., L\u00f3pez-J\u00e1come, L.E., and Colin-Castro, C.A. (2021). Drug resistance phenotypes and genotypes in Mexico in representative gram-negative species: Results from the infivar network. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248614"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S173455","article-title":"Characterization of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in carbapenem-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa carrying IMP variants recovered from a Mexican hospital","volume":"11","author":"Torres","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, A., Tran, T.T., Rios, R., Hanson, B., Shropshire, W.C., Sun, Z., Diaz, L., Dinh, A.Q., Wanger, A., and Ostrosky-Zeichner, L. (2019). Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST309 Harboring Tandem Guiana Extended Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase Enzymes: A Newly Emerging Threat in the United States. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1101\/535302"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morales-Espinosa, R., Delgado, G., Espinosa, L.F., Isselo, D., M\u00e9ndez, J.L., Rodriguez, C., Miranda, G., and Cravioto, A. (2017). Fingerprint Analysis and Identification of Strains ST309 as a Potential High Risk Clone in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa Population Isolated from Children with Bacteremia in Mexico City. Front. Microbiol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00313"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-023-01223-1","article-title":"Outbreak investigations after identifying carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Shahab","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-024-01468-4","article-title":"Occurrence of chlorine-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospital water systems: Threat of waterborne infections for patients","volume":"13","author":"Gholipour","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-025-01527-4","article-title":"Risk factors for detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in clinical samples upon hospital admission","volume":"14","author":"Reyle","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e169","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1478","article-title":"Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidance on the Treatment of Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-lactamase Producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E), Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Difficult-to-Treat Resistance (DTR-P. aeruginosa)","volume":"72","author":"Tamma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mackay, B., Parcell, B.J., Shirran, S.L., and Coote, P.J. (2022). Carbapenem-Only Combination Therapy against Multi-Drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Assessment of In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy and Mode of Action. Antibiotics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11111467"},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2025). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. CLSI Document M100, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). [35th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2024). Processes for the Collection of Urine Specimens. CLSI PRE05, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2010.10.009","article-title":"Impact on clinical decision making of quality control standards applied to sputum analysis in COPD","volume":"105","author":"Telgen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-019-03536-9","article-title":"Culture of all sputum samples irrespective of quality adds value to the diagnosis of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly","volume":"38","author":"Saukkoriipi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"CLSI (2018). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. [28th ed.]. Vol. CLSI Supplement M100."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.5.2074-2079.2004","article-title":"PCR-Based Assay for Differentiation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Other Pseudomonas Species Recovered from Cystic Fibrosis Patients","volume":"42","author":"Spilker","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2010.12.002","article-title":"Multiplex PCR for detection of acquired carbapenemase genes","volume":"70","author":"Poirel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.5.1129-1135.1996","article-title":"Random amplified polymorphic DNA typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates recovered from patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"34","author":"Mahenthiralingam","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S233808","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of high-level resistance to meropenem and imipenem in pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"13","author":"Hassuna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W78","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae268","article-title":"Interactive Tree of Life (iTOL) v6: Recent updates to the phylogenetic tree display and annotation tool","volume":"52","author":"Letunic","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5644","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.12.5644-5649.2004","article-title":"Development of a Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme for the Opportunistic Pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"42","author":"Curran","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Antibiotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/15\/1\/102\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T11:54:47Z","timestamp":1768910087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/15\/1\/102"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["antibiotics15010102"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics15010102","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-6382"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-6382","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]}}}