{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T19:21:17Z","timestamp":1790882477870,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)\u2014Postgraduate Support\u2014Course and Postgraduate Studies","award":["E-26\/210.982\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/210.982\/2021"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"FAPERJ","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E-26\/210.228\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/210.228\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Water pollution caused by human activities disrupts ecosystems and promotes the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), posing a public health threat. This study investigated the presence of resistant Gram-negative bacteria and resistance genes in water from two sites occasionally exposed to domestic and hospital effluents, the Carioca River (CR) and Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon (RFL), both used for recreation. Methods: Physicochemical parameters and coliform levels were measured. Bacterial isolates were identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization\u2013Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using disk diffusion. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined using the E-test\u00ae and broth microdilution methods. PCR was used to detect carbapenem resistance and other ARGs from the DNA of bacterial isolates obtained from water samples. Results: CR presented signs of environmental degradation, with low dissolved oxygen and high coliform counts. One Citrobacter braakii isolate showed resistance to all tested antimicrobials, raising concern for untreatable infections. Carbapenem-resistant isolates accounted for 49.4% of the total, harboring blaKPC (20%), blaTEM (5%), blaVIM (5%), and blaSPM (5%). The intl1 gene was found in 10% of isolates, indicating potential horizontal gene transfer. Conclusions: The findings from a one-day sampling reveal the presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria that carry antimicrobial resistance genes in polluted aquatic systems. These highlight the connection between water contamination and antimicrobial resistance. The evidence underscores the urgent need for environmental monitoring and effective management strategies to reduce public health risks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics15020115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T13:55:34Z","timestamp":1769176534000},"page":"115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Silent Waterborne Carriers of Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Rio de Janeiro\u2019s Aquatic Ecosystems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8756-0478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura Brand\u00e3o","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Laboratory of Simulidae and Onchocerciasis & Medical and Forensic Entomology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8419-8549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos Tavares","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Sanitation and Environmental Health, S\u00e9rgio Arouca National School of Public Health, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4036, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-361, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2423-1922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K\u00e9ren","family":"Vieira-Alc\u00e2ntara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Laboratory of Simulidae and Onchocerciasis & Medical and Forensic Entomology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5282-7112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiago Pavoni Gomes","family":"Chagas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Rua Marqu\u00eas de Paran\u00e1, 303, Centro, Niter\u00f3i 24220-000, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Rua Vital Brasil Filho, 64\u2013Vital Brazil, Niter\u00f3i 24230-340, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7238-7943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viviane","family":"Zahner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Laboratory of Simulidae and Onchocerciasis & Medical and Forensic Entomology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab612","article-title":"Patient Access in 14 High-Income Countries to New Antibacterials Approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, European Medicines Agency, Japanese Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, or Health Canada, 2010\u20132020","volume":"74","author":"Outterson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. 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