{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T18:43:39Z","timestamp":1790621019532,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["13N14480"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13N14480"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["GHS-19-0013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GHS-19-0013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"University of Greifswald\u2019s publication fund and Dentsply Sirona"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Blue laser light has been the subject of research regarding the inactivation of microorganisms as a possible alternative to chemical treatment methods for a number of years. In dentistry, blue light could be used, for example, in the treatment of periodontitis\/peri-implantitis, as well as in endodontics and against caries. It could serve as an alternative or supplement to traditional chemical and\/or invasive methods. The antimicrobial effectiveness of a blue laser in relation to the speed of treatment is investigated using three different microbial test organisms in order to identify possible species differences. Methods: The test organisms Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans were applied to smooth zirconium discs and treated twice with a diode laser at 445 nm wavelength with a traversing speed of 1, 2, and 4 mm\/s. The antimicrobial effect was analysed based on the resulting colony-forming units on agar plates. The temperature was measured during the treatment. Preliminary tests were carried out using the MTT dye test to determine relevant setting parameters and the required energy dose. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the negative control and the treated samples for all three tested organisms, with a maximum viability reduction of 1.8 log10 CFU\/mL for Enterococcus faecalis, 2.5 log10 CFU\/mL for Streptococcus mutans, and 1.0 log10 CFU\/mL for Candida albicans at 1 mm\/s traversing speed, regarding estimated marginal means (p &lt; 0.001). The temperature on the substrate surface reached 30 to 42 \u00b0C for all samples evaluated. Conclusions: Blue laser light (445 nm) demonstrates antimicrobial activity, which increases with prolonged exposure. Further research is needed to assess all key influencing parameters and define possible clinical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics15020137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T10:56:34Z","timestamp":1769684194000},"page":"137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of the Inactivation of Microorganisms by a Blue Laser (445 nm)\u2014An In Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4334-3164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rutger","family":"Matthes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Endodontology, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Dittrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Practice, 93413 Cham, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Schwahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Gerodontology and Biomaterials, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukasz","family":"Jablonowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Endodontology, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kocher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Endodontology, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0279-6239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Welk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Endodontology, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.1900160202","article-title":"Lasers in dentistry","volume":"16","author":"Wigdor","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lasers Surg. 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