{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T11:57:07Z","timestamp":1773662227299,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Butyricimonas species constitute a genus of Gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria that are part of the human gut microbiota. Infections caused by these organisms are extremely rare in clinical practice. While uncommon in the general population, their occurrence is higher among immunocompromised individuals or patients with significant underlying health conditions. This review aims to compile and analyze all reported cases of human Butyricimonas infections, focusing on epidemiology, microbiological characteristics, antimicrobial resistance patterns, treatment strategies, and associated mortality. Methods: This review was conducted using data retrieved from the PubMed\/MEDLINE and Scopus databases. Results: A total of 14 publications described Butyricimonas infections affecting 14 patients. The mean age of those affected was 66.46 years, and 10 (71.4%) were male. The most frequently reported predisposing factor was a history of malignancy, observed in almost one-third of cases (30.8%). Clinically, fever, organ dysfunction, and shock were the most common presentations (fivecases), followed by sepsis and the need for ICU in fourpatients. In vitro studies indicated that the isolates were generally susceptible to carbapenems and metronidazole, with only high resistance levels observed to penicillin. Among the antimicrobial therapies used, carbapenems were the most commonly administered (50%), followed by piperacillin\/tazobactam (41.7%) and metronidazole (33.3%). The overall mortality rate across the cohort was 16.7%, with infection-attributable deaths representing 8.3% of cases. Conclusions: Given the potential of Butyricimonas species to cause severe infections, clinicians should consider this organism in patients presenting with unexplained bacteremia or intra-abdominal infections, particularly in the setting of mucosal disruption or immune dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics15030297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T10:10:43Z","timestamp":1773655843000},"page":"297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From Gut Commensal to Opportunistic Pathogen: A Narrative Review of Butyricimonas Infections in Humans"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5853-5522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Afroditi","family":"Ziogou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, 417 Army Equity Fund Hospital, 11521 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0570-8510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexios","family":"Giannakodimos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Tzaneio General Hospital of Piraeus, 18537 Piraeus, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2267-8464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilias","family":"Giannakodimos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmentof Urology, Attikon General Hospital of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3695-0759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas G.","family":"Tsantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit, \u201cAttiko\u201d Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Microbiology Department, \u201cSaint Savvas\u201d Oncology Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stella","family":"Baliou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71003 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Rigopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, 417 Army Equity Fund Hospital, 11521 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1082-5674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petros","family":"Ioannou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71003 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.007674-0","article-title":"Butyricimonas synergistica gen. nov., sp. nov. and Butyricimonas virosa sp. nov., butyric acid-producing bacteria in the family \u201cPorphyromonadaceae\u201d isolated from rat faeces","volume":"59","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. 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