{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T07:27:17Z","timestamp":1791358037069,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Social Development and Science Technology Project of Dongguan City","award":["20211800905272"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20211800905272"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) ST398 poses a significant zoonotic threat, largely due to its capacity to acquire and disseminate antimicrobial resistance through mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Ready-to-eat (RTE) foods may serve as critical interfaces for zoonotic spillover. However, genomic data on ST398-MRSA-Vc isolates from RTE foods remain scarce, leaving the characteristics of their MGEs largely unresolved. Methods: This study performed whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of an ST398-MRSA-Vc isolate (NPREF115) from an RTE pork product in China. Using NPREF115 and 134 publicly available S. aureus genomes from diverse sources, we constructed a core genome phylogeny and conducted SNP and pangenome analyses, with a focus on MGEs. Results: Phylogenetic analysis revealed that our foodborne ST398-MRSA-Vc isolate clustered with human, Capra pyrenaica, bovine, and swine-derived ST398-MRSA-Vc isolates. SNP analysis indicated NPREF115 was most closely related to human clinical isolates (132 and 140 SNPs, respectively), consistent with shared ancestry rather than recent cross-host transmission. Genomic divergence was largely confined to MGEs, including SCCmec, prophages, genomic islands, and a chromosomally integrated Tn560 carrying the ant(9)-Ia-lsa(E)-lnu(B) multidrug resistance cluster. Notably, NPREF115 harbored a unique metabolic gene that may facilitate persistence in high-osmolarity food environments. Conclusions: The successful colonization of food by the ST398-MRSA-Vc isolate is likely associated with the acquisition of multiple MGEs harboring antimicrobial resistance genes. Transmission of ST398-MRSA-Vc between food, human, and livestock hosts was accompanied by changes in genes involved in metabolism. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring MGEs in genomic surveillance of foodborne MRSA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics15030314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T15:38:01Z","timestamp":1773934681000},"page":"314","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evolutionary and Mobile Genetic Element Analysis of a Multidrug-Resistant ST398-MRSA-Vc Isolate from Ready-to-Eat Pork Products"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3011-8111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinqi","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoru","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongguan Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Dongguan 523808, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaifen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongguan Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Dongguan 523808, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuyi","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongguan Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Dongguan 523808, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruihua","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongguan Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Dongguan 523808, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongguan Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Dongguan 523808, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yidong","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongguan Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Dongguan 523808, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9393-3808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"He","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Enany, S., and Alexander, L.E.C. 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