{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T13:06:16Z","timestamp":1779887176332,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017503","name":"National Development Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017503","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Public catering is an underexplored One Health interface where structurally complex food-transport equipment may sustain reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. We investigated Escherichia coli from reusable institutional catering food-transport containers, focusing on a difficult-to-clean pressure-relief\/ventilation valve compartment. Our objectives were to quantify phenotypic resistance using applied clinical breakpoints, assess inhibitor-synergy outcomes in ESBL confirmatory testing, and contextualize inhibitor-positive isolates by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Methods: E. coli was isolated from containers sourced from 17 institutions and three central kitchens using ISO 16649-2. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by broth microdilution. Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) confirmatory testing used cefotaxime\/ceftazidime \u00b1 clavulanate; inhibitor positivity was defined as a \u22653 two-fold MIC decrease in the presence of clavulanate in isolates meeting CLSI screening thresholds. Inhibitor-positive isolates underwent WGS and CARD-based resistome profiling. Results: Resistance was most frequent to colistin (10, 10.8%), followed by doxycycline (8, 8.6%), florfenicol (7, 7.5%), enrofloxacin (4, 4.3%), and gentamicin (3, 3.2%). Third-generation cephalosporin resistance by clinical breakpoints was uncommon (cefotaxime: 2, 2.2%; ceftazidime: 1, 1.1%). Inhibitor-positive ESBL confirmatory phenotypes occurred in 30 isolates (32.3%), which were sequenced. WGS identified 45 resistance-associated genes across inhibitor-positive isolates but detected no classical ESBL genes; all carried chromosomal ampC\/ampH alongside ubiquitous efflux-associated determinants. All WGS isolates belonged to phylogroup A, with serotype O154:H9 (20, 66.7%) and ST5549 (17, 56.7%) predominating. Conclusions: Institutional catering food-transport containers can harbor AMR E. coli, with colistin as the most frequent resistance phenotype and frequent inhibitor-positive ESBL confirmatory profiles that, in this set, were not explained by classical ESBL gene carriage. Integrating phenotype, WGS resistomics, and lineage structure supports targeted hygiene surveillance and risk-informed One Health monitoring in mass catering systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics15040358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T13:40:52Z","timestamp":1774878052000},"page":"358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Phenotypic and Genomic Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Food-Transport Containers Used in Institutional Catering"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Levente Hunor","family":"Husz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gergely \u00c1lmos","family":"Tornyos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5750-1872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eszter","family":"Kaszab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"National Laboratory of Virology, Szent\u00e1gothai Research Centre, University of P\u00e9cs, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n u 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, One Health Institute, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7778-9116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enik\u0151","family":"Feh\u00e9r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"National Laboratory of Virology, Szent\u00e1gothai Research Centre, University of P\u00e9cs, H-7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n u 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, One Health Institute, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7410-9354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e1s","family":"Bitts\u00e1nszky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Chain Science, Department of Food Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8176-7013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e1s J\u00f3zsef","family":"T\u00f3th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Chain Science, Department of Food Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikl\u00f3s","family":"S\u00fcth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Institute of Food Chain Science, Department of Food Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3380-0827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1kos","family":"Jerzsele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7837-2459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1d\u00e1m","family":"Kerek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istv\u00e1n utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.slasd.2025.100232","article-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance: Linking Molecular Mechanisms to Public Health Impact","volume":"33","author":"Muteeb","year":"2025","journal-title":"SLAS Discov. 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