{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T12:47:02Z","timestamp":1784551622046,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development, and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia","award":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-33\/2026-03\/200161"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development, and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia","award":["451-03-34\/2026-03\/200161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-34\/2026-03\/200161"]}]},{"name":"University of Belgrade\u2014Faculty of Pharmacy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antibiotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Lamiaceae species are valuable sources of bioactive natural products, often associated with anti-infective properties. This study investigated chemical composition and bioactivities of dry hydroethanolic extracts and essential oils from Micromeria nervosa (Desf.) Benth. aerial parts from two localities. Methods: Extracts and essential oils were analyzed using LC-DAD-QTOF-MS\/MS and GC-FID\/MS, respectively. Antimicrobial activity was assessed against 14 strains (microdilution method), and antiviral activity against three viruses by determining cytopathic effects, viral titers (end-point dilution assay) and viral loads (qPCR\/RT-qPCR). Cytotoxicity was evaluated on three cancer cell lines (MTT assay) and antioxidant potential using three colorimetric tests. Composition\u2013activity correlation was statistically analyzed; in silico molecular docking\/dynamics simulations were performed. Results: Thirty-five compounds were annotated in extracts, including 30 reported for the first time in this species, with rosmarinic acid as the main component. Essential oils contained 31 constituents, dominated by carvacrol. Newly detected phenolics included lithospermic acid and several salvianolic and clinopodic acids. Extracts and oils exhibited notable antibacterial activity, especially against five Gram-positive strains (MIC = 0.313\u20132.5 mg\/mL), and oils showed marked anticandidal effects (MIC = 0.313\u20130.625 mg\/mL) and enhanced cytotoxicity against colon, gastric and hypopharyngeal cancer cells (selectivity indices \u2265 1.66). Extracts displayed potent antiviral activity against human herpesvirus 1 (HHV-1) and adenovirus Ad5, reducing cytopathic effects and viral titers, with qPCR revealing decreased HHV-1 load. In silico analysis suggested HHV-1 glycoprotein D binding. Extracts also showed strong antioxidant potential. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that M. nervosa is a rich source of compounds with antimicrobial\/antiviral, cytotoxic and antioxidant activities, warranting further research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics15040374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T08:58:48Z","timestamp":1775465928000},"page":"374","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Integrated Phytochemical Profiling and Bioactivity Evaluation of Micromeria nervosa, with Emphasis on Antimicrobial and Antiviral Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0796-393X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ljubo\u0161","family":"U\u0161jak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9313-5929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krystyna","family":"Skalicka-Wo\u017aniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6811-5424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Kulinowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1626-680X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"\u015awi\u0105tek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology with Viral Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2614-9976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Violeta","family":"Milutinovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2155-625X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kinga","family":"Salwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology with Viral Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastazja","family":"Boguszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology with Viral Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1634-0387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izabela","family":"Korona-Glowniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1360-5901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Su\u015bniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2319-4488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marjan","family":"Niketi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural History Museum, Njego\u0161eva 51, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Kneza Mihaila 35\/II, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3326-0728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jelena","family":"Kuki\u0107 Markovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0787-3077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvana","family":"Petrovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.11.144","article-title":"Untargeted metabolite profiling and phytochemical analysis of Micromeria fruticosa L. 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